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R v Togias     103

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text		Citation Index
NRFX v Minister for Immigration, Citizenship and Multicultural Affairs	[2023] FCAFC 187	Federal Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	1 Dec 2023	AustLII		1
CDPP v Folino	[2023] VCC 2059	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	3 Nov 2023	AustLII		1
DPP v Moala (No 3)	[2023] ACTSC 306	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	30 Oct 2023	AustLII		16
R v Rabieh	[2023] NSWDC 436	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	1 Sep 2023	AustLII
Homewood v R	[2023] NSWCCA 159	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	30 Jun 2023	AustLII		2
Ae v R	[2023] NSWCCA 74	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	31 Mar 2023	AustLII		5
Rogerson (No 2)	[2022] VSCA 154	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	5 Aug 2022	AustLII		10
Adams (a pseudonym) v R	[2022] SASCA 47	Supreme Court of South Australia - Court of Appeal	Australia - South Australia	9 Jun 2022	AustLII		7
Totaan v R	[2022] NSWCCA 75; (2022) 400 ALR 578; (2022) 365 FLR 69; (2022) 108 NSWLR 17	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	11 Apr 2022	AustLII		116
DPP(Cth) v Roberts	[2021] NSWDC 472	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	10 Sep 2021	AustLII
R v BC (No 4)	[2021] ACTSC 119	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	11 Jun 2021	AustLII		10
R v Dekker; R v Kominkovski	[2021] NSWDC 186	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	25 Mar 2021	AustLII		3
R v Tautai	[2021] NSWDC 345	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	29 Jan 2021	AustLII
R v Elliff	[2021] NSWDC 153	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	15 Jan 2021	AustLII
Lee v R	[2020] NSWCCA 307	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	26 Nov 2020	AustLII		5
Veness v R	[2020] NTCCA 13	Supreme Court of the Northern Territory - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - Northern Territory	15 Oct 2020	AustLII		4
R v Razzaghipour; R v Rixon; R v Charbel	[2020] NSWDC 882	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	17 Sep 2020	AustLII
R v Whale	[2020] NSWDC 383	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	16 Jul 2020	AustLII
Kabir v R	[2020] NSWCCA 139	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	8 Jul 2020	AustLII		7
Hanna v R	[2020] NSWCCA 125; (2020) 102 NSWLR 244	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	12 Jun 2020	AustLII		5
Meyrick v Minister for Home Affairs	[2020] FCA 677	Federal Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	20 May 2020	AustLII		26
R v Mirigliani	[2020] NSWDC 21	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	24 Jan 2020	AustLII
R v Fennell (No 2)	[2019] NSWDC 652	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	11 Nov 2019	AustLII
R v Lawrence	[2019] NSWDC 816	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	8 Nov 2019	AustLII		1
R v Taleb (No 5) (Sentence)	[2019] NSWSC 720	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	14 Jun 2019	AustLII		11
Im v R	[2019] NSWCCA 107; (2019) 100 NSWLR 110	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	24 May 2019	AustLII		13
R v Kabir	[2018] NSWDC 495	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	12 Nov 2018	AustLII		1
Pasquale Brancatisano v NSW Department of Trade and Investment, Regional Infrastructure and Services	[2018] NSWDC 333	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	9 Nov 2018	AustLII		1
Huynh v R	[2018] NSWCCA 237	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	19 Oct 2018	AustLII		1
DPP v Taiba	[2018] VCC 1560	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	21 Sep 2018	AustLII		4
Carter v R	[2018] NSWCCA 138	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	9 Jul 2018	AustLII		16
R v	[2018] ACTSC 37	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	23 Feb 2018	AustLII		12
R v Candace Martin	[2017] NSWSC 1498	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	3 Nov 2017	AustLII		1
DPP (Cth) v Pham (a pseudonym)	[2017] VCC 1931	County Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	12 Oct 2017	AustLII
Attorney General of New South Wales v Kereopa (No 3)	[2017] NSWSC 929	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	14 Jul 2017	AustLII		5
Valencic v Jordan	[2017] ACTSC 120; 80 MVR 282	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	26 May 2017	AustLII		6
DPP (Cth) v Pratten (No 2)	[2017] NSWCCA 42; (2017) 94 NSWLR 194	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	17 Mar 2017	AustLII		21
Beniamini v Craig	[2017] ACTSC 30	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	23 Feb 2017	AustLII		35
Kremisis v R	[2016] NSWCCA 257	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	18 Nov 2016	AustLII		7
R v Constant	[2016] SASCFC 87	Supreme Court of South Australia - Full Court	Australia - South Australia	15 Aug 2016	AustLII		6
Heath v R	[2016] NSWCCA 24	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	25 Feb 2016	AustLII		5
El-Hilli v R; Melville v R	[2015] NSWCCA 289	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	23 Nov 2015	AustLII		2
R v Thangavelu	[2015] NSWDC 390	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	5 Nov 2015	AustLII
Elshani v R	[2015] NSWCCA 254; (2015) 255 A Crim R 488	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	19 Oct 2015	AustLII		16
R v Allred	[2015] ACTSC 327	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	13 Oct 2015	AustLII		5
R v Osman Chamseddine	[2015] NSWDC 233	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	18 Sep 2015	AustLII		1
Huynh v R	[2015] NSWCCA 167	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	25 Jun 2015	AustLII		8
R v Lin	[2014] NSWCCA 254	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	10 Nov 2014	AustLII		14
Sakovits v R	[2014] NSWCCA 109	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	20 Jun 2014	AustLII		4
HJ v R	[2014] NSWCCA 21	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	28 Feb 2014	AustLII		29
R v Megaloudis	[2013] NSWDC 302	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	31 Oct 2013	AustLII		2
R v Zerafa	[2013] NSWCCA 222; (2013) 235 A Crim R 265	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	4 Oct 2013	AustLII		72
R v Sakovits; R v Sakovits	[2013] NSWSC 464	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	26 Apr 2013	AustLII		3
Ramezanian v R	[2013] VSCA 71; (2013) 37 VR 92	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	4 Apr 2013	AustLII		11
R v Fysh (No 4)	[2012] NSWSC 1587; (2012) 92 ACSR 116	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	19 Dec 2012	AustLII		7
R v Liles	[2012] NSWSC 1249	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	18 Oct 2012	AustLII		3
R v Agius; R v Zerafa	[2012] NSWSC 978; (2012) 87 ATR 528	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	23 Aug 2012	AustLII		30
Van Eeden v R	[2012] NSWCCA 18	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	27 Feb 2012	AustLII		8
R v JD	[2011] NSWDC 256	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	21 Dec 2011	AustLII
R v Susan Lee	[2011] NSWDC 257	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	9 Dec 2011	AustLII
R v Huston; R v Fox; R v Henke; ex parte Cth DPP	[2011] QCA 350; (2011) 219 A Crim R 209	Supreme Court of Queensland - Court of Appeal	Australia - Queensland	6 Dec 2011	AustLII		22
Sowaid v R	[2011] NSWCCA 177	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	8 Aug 2011	AustLII		3
Re Tracey	[2011] NSWCA 43; (2011) 80 NSWLR 261	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	10 Mar 2011	AustLII		42
DPP (Cth) v Kieu Thi Bui	[2011] VSCA 61; (2011) 32 VR 149	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	9 Mar 2011	AustLII		22
Dipangkear v R	[2010] NSWCCA 156	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	21 Jul 2010	AustLII		33
R v Ngo; R v Truong	[2010] QCA 151	Supreme Court of Queensland - Court of Appeal	Australia - Queensland	18 Jun 2010	AustLII
Markovic v R	[2010] VSCA 105; (2010) 30 VR 589; (2010) 200 A Crim R 510	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	5 May 2010	AustLII		297
Cao v R; Phan v R; Nguyen v R	[2009] NSWCCA 273	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	11 Nov 2009	AustLII		3
Elmir v R	[2009] NSWCCA 22; 193 A Crim R 87	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	17 Feb 2009	AustLII		26
R v Bui, Bui v R	[2008] NSWCCA 297	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	12 Dec 2008	AustLII		2
MacRi v Moreland	[2008] WASC 194	Supreme Court of Western Australia	Australia - Western Australia	12 Sep 2008	AustLII		4
Emms v Barr	[2008] TASSC 49; (2008) 187 A Crim R 390	Supreme Court of Tasmania	Australia - Tasmania	4 Sep 2008	AustLII		5
Ord v R	[2008] NSWCCA 162; (2008) 186 A Crim R 475	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	8 Aug 2008	AustLII		5
DPP v Ty (No 3)	[2007] VSC 489; (2007) 18 VR 241	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	28 Nov 2007	AustLII		22
Tomasevic v Travaglini	[2007] VSC 337; (2007) 17 VR 100	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	13 Sep 2007	AustLII		289
Johnsson v R	[2007] NSWCCA 192	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	13 Jul 2007	AustLII		10
R v Nguyen	[2006] NSWCCA 369; 205 FLR 79; 166 A Crim R 124	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	29 Nov 2006	AustLII		20
Le v R	[2006] NSWCCA 136	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	25 Aug 2006	AustLII		36
McAree v Barr	[2006] TASSC 37	Supreme Court of Tasmania	Australia - Tasmania	26 May 2006	AustLII		7
Royal Women's Hospital v Medical Practitioners Board of Victoria	[2006] VSCA 85; (2006) 15 VR 22	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	20 Apr 2006	AustLII		87
DPP (Cth) v Gaw	[2006] VSCA 51	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	15 Mar 2006	AustLII		19
Re Mangan and Melbourne Cricket Club	[2006] VCAT 73; 24 VAR 156	Victorian Civil and Administrative Tribunal	Australia - Victoria	8 Feb 2006	AustLII		5
"Indigenous Over-Representation in Prison: the Role of Offender "	[2006] NSWCrimJustB 10	Snowball, Lucy; Weatherburn, Don	Australia	circa 2006	AustLII
R v Gardner	[2005] NSWCCA 383	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	10 Nov 2005	AustLII		3
R v Hall (No 2)	[2005] NSWSC 890	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	9 Sep 2005	AustLII		16
DPP v Ip	[2005] ACTCA 24	Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory - Court of Appeal	Australia - Australian Capital Territory	19 Jul 2005	AustLII		27
R v Tsiaousis	[2005] NSWCCA 240	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	4 Jul 2005	AustLII		2
R v Aller	[2004] NSWCCA 378	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	5 Nov 2004	AustLII		14
R v Kevenaar	[2004] NSWCCA 210; (2004) 148 A Crim R 155	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	28 Jun 2004	AustLII		38
Smith v R	[2003] WASCA 235	Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal	Australia - Western Australia	12 Sep 2003	AustLII		8
R v Hinton	[2002] NSWCCA 405; (2002) 134 A Crim R 286	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	4 Oct 2002	AustLII		66
R v Togias	[2002] NSWCCA 363; 132 A Crim R 573	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	30 Aug 2002	AustLII		4

Law Reform Reports Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title	Citation(s)	Author	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text		Citation Index
Same Crime, Same Time: Sentencing of Federal Offenders	[2006] ALRC 103	Australian Law Reform Commission	Australia	circa 2006	AustLII

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title	Citation(s)	Author	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text		Citation Index
"Bar Exam"	[2022] NSWBarAssocNews 73	Editors	Australia	circa 2022	AustLII
"Redefining The Circumstances In Which Family Hardship Should Mitigate Sentence Severity"	(2019) 42 University of New South Wales Law Journal 154	Bargaric, Mirko	Australia	circa 2019	AustLII		1
"Addressing the Curious Blackspot that is the Separation Between the Principle of Legality and Sentencing"	(2015) 41 Monash University Law Review 515	Bargaric, Mirko; Alexander, Theo	Australia	circa 2015	AustLII
"2014 District Court Annual Conference - Criminal Appeals Review"	[2014] NSWJSchol 11	Hulme, Justice RA	Australia	circa 2014	AustLII
"2014 Law Society Young Lawyers Seminar - Significant Development in Criminal Law"	[2014] NSWJSchol 12	Hulme, Justice RA	Australia	circa 2014	AustLII
"2014 Local Court Annual Conference - Criminal Law Update"	[2014] NSWJSchol 29	Hulme, Justice RA	Australia	circa 2014	AustLII
"2012 Supreme Court Annual Conference - Criminal Law Update"	[2012] NSWJSchol 32	Hulme, Justice RA	Australia	circa 2012	AustLII
"Evolving Nature of the Right to Life: The Impact of Positive Human Rights Obligations, The"	(2007) 9 University of Notre Dame Australia Law Review 95	Harpur, Paul	Australia	circa 2007	AustLII		1
"International Human Rights Law In Australian Courts: A Role For Amici Curiae and Interveners"	(2006) 31 (3) Alternative Law Journal 122	Cusack, Simone; Riebl, Cecilia	Australia	circa 2006	AustLII
"Indigenous Over-Representation in Prison: the Role of Offender "	[2006] NSWCrimJustB 10	Snowball, Lucy; Weatherburn, Don	Australia	circa 2006	AustLII
"Engaging with the United Nations Treat Bodies: A Fruitful Dialogue"	(2006) 13 Australian International Law Journal 57	Low, Jo En	Australia	circa 2006	AustLII
"Australian Cases Involving Questions of Public International Law 2001"	(2002) 22 Australian Year Book of International Law 251	Olbourne, Ben; Rothwell, Donald R	Australia	circa 2002	AustLII		1

Legislation Cited

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date †	Full Text		Citation Index
R v La Mude	[2001] VSCA 33	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	20 Mar 2001	AustLII		2
R v Ceissman	[2001] NSWCCA 73; (2001) 160 FLR 252; (2001) 119 A Crim R 535	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	16 Mar 2001	AustLII		41
Nguyen v R	[2001] WASCA 72; (2001) 160 FLR 216; (2001) 118 A Crim R 519	Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal	Australia - Western Australia	13 Mar 2001	AustLII		25
R v Caradonna	[2000] NSWCCA 398; 118 A Crim R 312	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	6 Oct 2000	AustLII		14
R v Luong	[2000] NSWCCA 139	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	14 Apr 2000	AustLII		7
R v Capper	[2000] NSWCCA 63	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	14 Mar 2000	AustLII		11
R v SLR	[2000] NSWCCA 436; (2000) 116 A Crim R 150	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	25 Feb 2000	AustLII		9
Baker v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration)	(1999) 174 DLR (4th) 193; [1999] 2 SCR 817	Supreme Court of Canada	Canada	9 Jul 1999	Supreme Court of Canada		119
R v White	[1999] NSWCCA 60	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	30 Mar 1999	AustLII		5
R v Carmody	(1998) 100 A Crim R 41		Australia	circa 1998	Legal Online / Westlaw		48
Kartinyeri v The Commonwealth	(1998) 195 CLR 337		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1998	Legal Online / Westlaw		339
Smith v R	(1998) 98 A Crim R 442		Australia	circa 1998	Legal Online / Westlaw		7
Bates v Police	[1997] SASC 6749; (1997) 70 SASR 66	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	19 Nov 1997	AustLII		40
Walsh v Department of Social Security	[1996] SASC 5795; (1996) 67 SASR 143; 89 A Crim R 65	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	5 Sep 1996	AustLII		28
Rajan v Minister of Immigration CA177/95	[1996] NZCA 484; [1996] 3 NZLR 543; (1996) 3 HRNZ 209; (1996) 14 FRNZ 484	Court of Appeal of New Zealand	New Zealand	30 Jul 1996	NZLII		27
R v Edwards	(1996) 90 A Crim R 510		Australia	circa 1996	Legal Online / Westlaw		268
R v Matthews	(1996) 130 FLR 230		Australia	circa 1996	Legal Online / Westlaw		23
Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh	[1995] HCA 20; (1995) 183 CLR 273; (1995) 128 ALR 353; (1995) 69 ALJR 423; (1995) 39 ALD 206; [1995] EOC 92-696; [1996] 1 CHRLD 67; (1995) 7 Leg Rep 18	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	7 Apr 1995	AustLII		1846
Stewart v R	(1994) 72 A Crim R 17		Australia	circa 1994	Legal Online / Westlaw		35
Minister for Foreign Affairs and Trade v Magno	[1992] FCA 566; (1992) 37 FCR 298; (1992) 112 ALR 529	Federal Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	26 Nov 1992	AustLII		417
Dietrich v R	[1992] HCA 57; (1992) 177 CLR 292; (1992) 109 ALR 385; (1992) 67 ALJR 1; 64 A Crim R 176	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	13 Nov 1992	AustLII		1606
Mabo v Queensland (No 2)	[1992] EOC 92-443; (1992) 66 ALJR 408; (1992) 107 ALR 1; (1992) 175 CLR 1; [1992] HCA 23	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1992	AustLII		2268
Chu Kheng Lim v Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs	[1992] HCA 64; (1992) 176 CLR 1; (1993) 110 ALR 97; 67 ALJR 125	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1992	AustLII		1060
United States v Johnson	908 F2d 396	United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit	United States	16 Jul 1990	WorldLII		47
R v Sinclair	(1990) 108 FLR 370; (1990) 51 A Crim R 418		Australia	circa 1990	Legal Online / Westlaw		68
Adami & Adami v R	[1989] SASC 1640; (1989) 51 SASR 229; (1989) 42 A Crim R 88	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	28 Jul 1989	AustLII		55
Vaughan	(1982) 4 Cr App R (S) 83		United Kingdom	circa 1982			21
Haleth	(1982) 4 Cr App R (S) 178		United Kingdom	circa 1982			12
R v Griffiths	(1977) 137 CLR 293		Australia - Commonwealth	circa 1977	Legal Online / Westlaw		728
Polites v Commonwealth	[1945] HCA 3; (1945) 70 CLR 60; [1945] ALR 113; 12 ILR 208	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	10 Apr 1945	AustLII		208
R v Spratling	[1910] UKLawRpKQB 151; (1911) 1 KB 77		United Kingdom	27 Oct 1910	CommonLII		6
United States v Gerard	782 FSupp 913		United States	circa 1992	Westlaw		6
782 FSupp 747	782 FSupp 747		United States	circa 1992	Westlaw		1
United States v Handy	752 FSupp 561		United States		Westlaw		7
89 CR 0052	89 CR 0052						1
United States v Mills Nos	88 CR 956; 89 CR 256			circa 1992			1
Morales Cf United States v Gonzalez,	88 CR 559			circa 1992			3