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R (McCann) v Crown Court at Manchester; Clingham v Kensington   flag  208

[2002] UKHL 39; [2003] 1 AC 787; [2002] 4 All ER 593; [2002] 3 WLR 1313; [2002] All ER (D) 246; [2002] UKHRR 1286; (2002) 166 JPN 850; [2003] 1 Cr App R 27; 13 BHRC 482; (2002) 166 JP 657
House of Lords
United Kingdom
17th October, 2002

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name †  Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index
Adams, R v [2021] EWCA Crim 1525 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 25 Oct 2021 BAILII flag
Ashaoui v R [2023] EWCA Crim 455 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 27 Apr 2023 BAILII flag
Aspinall ’ s Club Ltd v Hui [2023] EWHC 2036 (KB) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 4 Aug 2023 BAILII flag 2
Attorney-General v Chisnall [2023] NZSCTrans 6 New Zealand 3 Apr 2023 NZLII flag
Attorney General v MGN Ltd [2011] EWHC 2074 (Admin); [2012] 1 Cr App R 1 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 29 Jul 2011 BAILII flag 11
Aziz v R [2018] EWCA Crim 2412 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 2 Nov 2018 BAILII flag
B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard of Proof), Re [2008] UKHL 35; [2009] 1 AC 11; [2008] 4 All ER 1; [2008] 3 WLR 1; [2008] All ER (D) 134; [2008] Fam Law 837 House of Lords United Kingdom 11 Jun 2008 BAILII flag 980
Bank of Credit and Commerce International SA (in liq), Re; Morris v Bank of India [2004] EWHC 528 (Ch); [2004] 2 BCLC 279; [2005] 1 All ER (Comm) 209; [2004] All ER (D) 378 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 19 Mar 2004 BAILII flag 3
Belcher v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2006] NZCA 262; [2007] 1 NZLR 507; (2006) 22 CRNZ 787 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 19 Sep 2006 NZLII flag 65
Belhaj v DPP [2017] EWHC 3056 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 1 Dec 2017 BAILII flag 7
Belton v The Director of the Assets Recovery Agency [2006] NICA 2 Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 27 Jan 2006 BAILII flag 1
Birmingham City Council v James [2013] EWCA Civ 552; [2014] 1 WLR 23 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 17 May 2013 BAILII flag 15
Birmingham City Council v Jones [2023] UKSC 27; [2024] AC 168; [2023] 3 WLR 343 United Kingdom Supreme Court United Kingdom 19 Jul 2023 BAILII flag 11
Birmingham City Council v Shafi [2008] EWCA Civ 1186; [2009] 3 All ER 127; [2009] 1 WLR 1961; [2008] All ER (D) 304 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 30 Oct 2008 BAILII flag 24
Bluu Solutions Ltd v HMRC [2015] UKFTT 95 First-tier Tribunal (Health Education and Social Care Chamber) United Kingdom 20 Feb 2015 BAILII flag 37
Board of Management Bethlehem Moravian College v Dr Thompson (Paul) [2015] JMCA 74 Court of Appeal of Jamaica Jamaica 10 Jul 2015 CommonLII flag
Bowen v SSHD [2016] EWHC 1400 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 17 Jun 2016 BAILII flag 4
Bowers , R v [2006] EWCA Crim 1433 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 20 Jun 2006 BAILII flag
Breslin v McKenna [2008] NIQB 49 High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland - Queens Bench United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 6 May 2008 BAILII flag
Breslin v McKenna [2009] NIQB 50 High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland - Queens Bench United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 8 Jun 2009 BAILII flag 6
Breslin v McKevitt, Real IRA, Campbell Murphy and Daly [2011] NICA 33; (2011) 7 BNIL 75 Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 7 Jul 2011 BAILII flag 17
Burke, R v [2017] EWCA Crim 848 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 7 Jun 2017 BAILII flag
C, a child (Care Proceedings) [2011] NIFam 9 High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland Family Division United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 8 Apr 2011 BAILII flag
C v Crown Prosecution Service [2008] EWHC 148 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 4 Feb 2008 BAILII flag 7
C v Sunderland Youth Court [2003] EWHC 2385 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 9 Oct 2003 BAILII flag 5
Campbell v Hamlet [2005] UKPC 19; [2005] 3 All ER 1116; [2005] All ER (D) 351; [2005] 1 WLR 3158 Privy Council United Kingdom circa 2005 BAILII flag 51
Chaudhry v State [2012] FJHC 1229 High Court of Fiji Fiji 25 Jul 2012 PacLII flag
Chief Constable of Greater Manchester v Calder [2015] EWHC B11 (QB) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 14 Jan 2015 BAILII flag 1
Chief Constable of Kent Police v Carter [2022] EWHC 1972 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 5 Jul 2022 BAILII flag 1
Chief Constable of Lancashire v Potter [2003] EWHC 2272 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 13 Oct 2003 BAILII flag 4
Chief Constable of Lancashire v Wilson [2015] EWHC 2763 (QB) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 14 Jul 2015 BAILII flag 4
Chief Constable of Merseyside Police v Harrison [2006] EWHC 1106; [2006] EWHC 1106 (Admin); [2007] QB 79; [2006] ACD 67; [2006] 3 WLR 171; (2006) 170 JP 523; [2006] All ER (D) 115 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 7 Apr 2006 BAILII flag 4
Clark (a Pseudonym) v R [2016] VSCA 96; (2016) 258 A Crim R 511 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 10 May 2016 AustLII flag 17
Closure Order, Re A [2007] ScotSC 54 Scottish Sheriff Court United Kingdom - Scotland 12 Oct 2007 BAILII flag
Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis v Ebanks [2012] EWHC 2368 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 4 Jul 2012 BAILII flag 1
Council of the City of Sydney v Wilson Parking Australia Pty Ltd [2015] NSWLEC 42 Land and Environment Court of New South Wales Australia - New South Wales 26 Mar 2015 AustLII flag 9
D Ltd v A & Others [2017] EWCA Crim 1172 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 28 Jul 2017 BAILII flag 9
Daar v Chief Constable of Merseyside Police [2005] EWCA Civ 1774 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 13 Dec 2005 BAILII flag
Daltel Europe Ltd v Makki [2005] EWHC 749 (Ch) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 3 May 2005 BAILII flag 39
Daltel Europe Ltd v Makki [2006] EWCA Civ 94; [2006] 1 WLR 2704; [2006] All ER (D) 398 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 28 Feb 2006 BAILII flag 25
Davidson and Tatham v Financial Services Authority [2006] UKFSM FSM031 Financial Services and Markets Tribunals United Kingdom 16 May 2006 BAILII flag
Director of the Assets Recovery Agency and Walsh, Re [2004] NIQB 21; [2004] 3 BNIL 23 High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland - Queens Bench United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 1 Apr 2004 BAILII flag 8
DM v GSCC [2011] UKFTT 317 First-tier Tribunal (Health Education and Social Care Chamber) United Kingdom 27 May 2011 BAILII flag
Donohoe v The DPP (WA) [2011] WASCA 239 Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal Australia - Western Australia 2 Nov 2011 AustLII flag 16
Doorstep Dispensaree Ltd v Information Commissioner (EA/2020/0065/v) [2023] UKUT 132 United Kingdom Upper Tribunal United Kingdom 1 Jun 2023 BAILII flag 1
Doshi, R (on the application of) v Southend-On-Sea Primary Care Trust [2007] EWHC 1361 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 3 May 2007 BAILII flag 1
Dowty, R v [2011] EWCA Crim 3138 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 1 Dec 2011 BAILII flag
"Appendix 3 - List of Leading Cases of United Kingdom" [2011] NLUDLRS 8 Editors India circa 2011 LIIofIndia flag
EDO MBM Technology Ltd v Campaign to Smash EDO [2005] EWHC 837 (QB) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 29 Apr 2005 BAILII flag 5
Farnell and Chanbua [2016] FCWA 17; [2016] FLC 93-700 Family Court of Western Australia Australia - Western Australia 14 Apr 2016 AustLII flag 16
FH v McDougall [2008] 3 SCR 41; [2008] SCC 53; [2008] SCJ No 54 Supreme Court of Canada Canada 2 Oct 2008 Supreme Court of Canada flag 1
Financial Conduct Authority v Da Vinci Invest Ltd [2015] EWHC 2401 (Ch); [2016] 3 All ER 547 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 12 Aug 2015 BAILII flag 6
Fiona Trust & Holding Corporation v Privalov [2010] EWHC 3199 (Comm) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 10 Dec 2010 BAILII flag 68
Gallastegui, R (on the application of) v Westminster City Council [2013] EWCA Civ 28 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 29 Jan 2013 BAILII flag
Gilchrist v Dean (1958) 2 FLR 175 Australia 25 Jul 2012 PacLII flag
Glasgow City Council v Ferguson [2009] ScotSC 31 Scottish Sheriff Court United Kingdom - Scotland 22 May 2009 BAILII flag
Glasgow Housing Association Ltd v Sharkey [2004] ScotSC 71 Scottish Sheriff Court United Kingdom - Scotland 4 Nov 2004 BAILII flag
Glasgow Housing Association v O'Donnell [2004] ScotSC 56 Scottish Sheriff Court United Kingdom - Scotland 24 Aug 2004 BAILII flag
Gold Nuts Ltd [2016] UKFTT 82 First-tier Tribunal (Health Education and Social Care Chamber) United Kingdom 8 Feb 2016 BAILII flag 4
Golobiewska v Customs and Excise Commissioners [2005] EWCA Civ 607; [2005] V & DR 267 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 6 May 2005 BAILII flag 16
Gora v Customs and Excise Commissioners [2003] EWCA Civ 525; [2004] QB 93; [2003] 3 WLR 160; [2003] All ER (D) 208 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 11 Apr 2003 BAILII flag 200
Graham v Chief Constable of West Mercia Constabulary [2011] EWHC 4 (QB) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 14 Jan 2011 BAILII flag 1
Gynane, R v [2020] EWCA Crim 1348 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 7 Oct 2020 BAILII flag 2
H (A Minor), R (on the application of) v Independent Appeal Panel For Y College [2004] EWHC 1193 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 25 May 2004 BAILII flag 1
Hackett v HM Revenue & Customs [2020] UKUT 212 United Kingdom Upper Tribunal United Kingdom 6 Jul 2020 BAILII flag 4
Hackett v HMRC [2016] UKFTT 781 First-tier Tribunal (Health Education and Social Care Chamber) United Kingdom 23 Nov 2016 BAILII flag 15
Heathrow Airport Ltd v Garman [2007] EWHC 1957 (QB) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 6 Aug 2007 BAILII flag 6
Heesom v Public Services Ombudsman for Wales [2014] EWHC 1504 (Admin); [2014] 4 All ER 269; [2014] LGR 509 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 15 May 2014 BAILII flag 9
Highland Council v ADewar [2007] ScotSC 25 Scottish Sheriff Court United Kingdom - Scotland 13 Jun 2007 BAILII flag
Hipgrave v Jones [2004] EWHC 2901 (QB); [2005] Fam Law 453; [2005] ACD 67 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 15 Dec 2004 BAILII flag 7
Hksar v li Yanhong [2015] HKCA 307; [2016] 1 HKLRD 940 Hong Kong Court of Appeal Hong Kong 2 Jul 2015 HKLII flag
Hksar v Liang Yaoqiang [2020] HKCA 941; [2021] 2 HKC 201; [2021] 1 HKLRD 26 Hong Kong Court of Appeal Hong Kong 20 Nov 2020 HKLII flag 1
Hksar v Yhn [2015] HKCA 566 Hong Kong Court of Appeal Hong Kong 3 Dec 2015 HKLII flag
Ibrahim v The United Kingdom [2014] ECHR 1392; (2015) 61 EHRR 9 European Court of Human Rights Europe 16 Dec 2014 BAILII flag 7
IBRAHIM v THE UNITED KINGDOM - 50541/08 (Judgment (Merits and Just Satisfaction) : Court (Grand Chamber)) [2016] ECHR 750 European Court of Human Rights Europe 13 Sep 2016 BAILII flag 1
In Mansfield v DPP [2021] EWHC 2938 (Admin); [2022] QB 335 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 3 Nov 2021 BAILII flag 6
Ismail ABDURAHMAN v the United Kingdom - 40351/09 [2010] ECHR 1373 European Court of Human Rights Europe 17 Sep 2010 BAILII flag 1
JA (Ivory Coast) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2009] EWCA Civ 1353; [2010] Imm AR 381; [2010] INLR 353 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 14 Dec 2009 BAILII flag 30
Jafari-Fini v Skillglass Ltd [2007] EWCA Civ 261 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 30 Mar 2007 BAILII flag 52
James v Birmingham City Council [2010] EWHC 282 (Admin); (2010) 174 JP 250 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 19 Feb 2010 BAILII flag 2
Jex , R v [2021] EWCA Crim 1708 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 19 Nov 2021 BAILII flag 1
JJB Sports v Office of Fair Trading [2004] CAT 17; [2005] Comp AR 29 United Kingdom Competition Appeals Tribunal United Kingdom 1 Oct 2004 BAILII flag 27
Jones v Birmingham City Council [2018] EWCA Civ 1189 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 23 May 2018 BAILII flag 1
JQ v Procurator Fiscal, Paisley [2017] ScotHC HCJAC_9 Scottish High Court of Justiciary United Kingdom - Scotland 1 Feb 2017 BAILII flag
Kernohan , R v [2010] NICC 49 Crown Court for Northern Ireland United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 10 Dec 2010 BAILII flag
Khaled , R (on the application of) v Secretary of State for Foreign & Commonwealth Affairs [2010] EWHC 1868 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 23 Jul 2010 BAILII flag 5
Landlords Association for Northern Ireland, Re An Application for Judicial Review [2005] NIQB 22 High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland - Queens Bench United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 14 Mar 2005 BAILII flag 1
Leeds City Council v Fawcett [2008] EWCA Civ 597 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 2 May 2008 BAILII flag 3
Leeds City Council v Persons Unknown (Re Consequentials) [2023] EWHC 1992 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 3 Aug 2023 BAILII flag 1
Livewire Telecom Ltd v Revenue & Customs [2008] UKVAT V20533; [2008] V & DR 131; [2008] STI 1161; [2008] BVC 2208 VAT & Duties Tribunals United Kingdom 10 Jan 2008 BAILII flag 6
Lord Saville v Harnden [2003] NICA 6 Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 14 Feb 2003 BAILII flag 4
M, R (on the application of) v Inner London Crown Court [2003] EWHC 301 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 10 Feb 2003 BAILII flag 1
Mafart v Television New Zealand Ltd [2006] NZSC 33; [2006] 3 NZLR 18; (2006) 22 CRNZ 720 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 11 May 2006 NZLII flag 93
Maguire, R v [2015] NICA 71 Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 4 Dec 2015 BAILII flag
Maguire , R v [2016] NICC 14 Crown Court for Northern Ireland United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 29 Sep 2016 BAILII flag 1
Martem Ltd v Revenue & Customs [2011] UKFTT 641 First-tier Tribunal (Health Education and Social Care Chamber) United Kingdom 4 Oct 2011 BAILII flag
McGarrett, R (on the application of) v Kingston Crown Court [2009] EWHC 1776 (Admin); [2010] Env LR 21 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 8 Jun 2009 BAILII flag 1
Metropolitan Police Commissioner v Hooper [2005] EWHC 340 (Admin); [2005] 4 All ER 1095; [2005] 1 WLR 1995; (2005) 169 JP 409; [2005] All ER (D) 245 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 16 Feb 2005 BAILII flag 10
Mitchell v Government of the United States of America [2016] EWHC 2649 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 25 Oct 2016 BAILII flag 1
MJJAB v The Scottish Ministers [2010] ScotCS CSIH_31 Scottish Court of Session United Kingdom - Scotland 8 Apr 2010 BAILII flag
Moat Housing Group-South Ltd v Harris [2005] EWCA Civ 287 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 16 Mar 2005 BAILII flag 12
Moat Housing Group-South Ltd v Harris [2005] EWCA Civ 287 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 16 Mar 2005 BAILII flag 12
Morrison [2010] NICC 36 Crown Court for Northern Ireland United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 24 Sep 2010 BAILII flag 3
Murray, R [2019] NICC 16 Crown Court for Northern Ireland United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 26 Jun 2019 BAILII flag
N Diaye v HMRC [2015] UKFTT 380 First-tier Tribunal (Health Education and Social Care Chamber) United Kingdom 6 Aug 2015 BAILII flag 30
Neill, Re An Application For Judicial Review [2005] NIQB 66 High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland - Queens Bench United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 7 Oct 2005 BAILII flag
Newman v Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police [2009] EWHC 1642 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 25 Mar 2009 BAILII flag 2
Niall Mckinney , Re [2008] NIQB 3 High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland - Queens Bench United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 11 Jan 2008 BAILII flag 1
Norcross v Georgallides (Estate of) [2015] EWHC 2405 (Comm) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 14 Aug 2015 BAILII flag 4
Pather v Financial Services Board (866/2016) [2017] ZASCA 125; 2018 1 SA 161; [2017] 4 All SA 666 Supreme Court of Appeal of South Africa South Africa 28 Sep 2017 SAFLII flag 6
Pembele v Secretary of State for the Home Department (Paragraph 399(b) (i) valid leave meaning) Democratic Republic of Congo [2013] UKUT 310 United Kingdom Upper Tribunal United Kingdom 10 Jun 2013 BAILII flag 3
Pendle [2015] UKFTT 27 First-tier Tribunal (Health Education and Social Care Chamber) United Kingdom 20 Jan 2015 BAILII flag 5
Perry v Chief Constable of Humberside Police [2012] EWHC 3226 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 18 Oct 2012 BAILII flag 1
Porter (a pseudonym) v R [2024] VSCA 127 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 7 Jun 2024 AustLII flag 2
Prosecutor v Saif Al-Islam Gaddafi - Public Redacted Version of the Corrigendum to the " Defence Response to the ' Application on behalf of the Govemment of Libya pursuant to Article 19 of the ICC Statute " " - Pre-Trial Chamber [2012] IntCrimC 483 International Criminal Court International 31 Jul 2012 WorldLII flag
QX v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2020] EWHC 1221 (Admin); [2020] 3 WLR 914 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 15 May 2020 BAILII flag 4
R (Bonhoeffer) v General Medical Council [2011] EWHC 1585 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 21 Jun 2011 BAILII flag 12
R (Chief Constable of West Mercia Constabulary) v Boorman [2005] EWHC 2559 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 2 Nov 2005 BAILII flag 2
R (DJ) v Mental Health Review Tribunal [2005] EWHC 587 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 11 Apr 2005 BAILII flag 6
R (Errington) v Metropolitan Police Authority [2006] EWHC 1155 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 12 Apr 2006 BAILII flag 8
R (F) v Bolton Crown Court [2009] EWHC 240 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 22 Jan 2009 BAILII flag 2
R (G) v X school [2009] EWHC 504 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 18 Mar 2009 BAILII flag 2
R (Guest) v DPP [2009] EWHC 594 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 5 Mar 2009 BAILII flag 2
R (King) v Secretary of State for Justice [2010] EWHC 2522 (Admin); [2011] 1 WLR 2667 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 13 Oct 2010 BAILII flag 3
R (LG) v The Independent Appeal Panel for Tom Hood School [2009] EWHC 369 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 2 Mar 2009 BAILII flag 3
R(Maughan) v HM's Senior Coroner for Oxfordshire [2020] UKSC 46; [2021] AC 454 United Kingdom Supreme Court United Kingdom 13 Nov 2020 BAILII flag 10
R (Mills) v Birmingham City Council [2005] EWHC 2732 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 11 Oct 2005 BAILII flag 3
R (N) v Mental Health Review Tribunal (Northern Region) [2005] EWHC 386 (Admin); [2006] QB 468; [2006] 4 All ER 194; [2005] 1 WLR 3214; [2005] All ER (D) 360; (2006) 88 BMLR 59 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales circa 2006 BAILII flag 88
R (O) v Crown Court at Harrow [2006] UKHL 42; [2007] 1 AC 249; [2006] 3 All ER 1157; [2006] 2 All ER (Comm) 493; [2006] 3 WLR 195; [2006] All ER (D) 383; [2007] 1 Cr App R 130 House of Lords United Kingdom 26 Jul 2006 BAILII flag 8
R (on the application of D) v Life Sentence Review Commissioners [2008] UKHL 33; [2008] 4 All ER 992; [2008] 1 WLR 1499; [2009] Fam Law 192; [2008] NI 292; [2008] All ER (D) 119 House of Lords United Kingdom - Northern Ireland circa 2008 BAILII flag 146
R (on the application of Gosport Borough Council) v Fareham Magistrates' Court [2006] EWHC 3047 (Admin); (2006) 171 JP 102; [2007] 1 WLR 634; [2006] All ER (D) 267; (2007) 171 JPN 363 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 21 Nov 2006 BAILII flag 1
R (on the application of Lonergan) v Lewes Crown Court [2005] EWHC 457 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 23 Mar 2005 BAILII flag 4
R (on the application of M) v Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs [2004] EWCA Civ 312; [2005] QB 996; [2004] 2 All ER 531; [2004] 1 WLR 2298; [2004] All ER (D) 345; [2005] 2 Cr App R 118 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 18 Mar 2004 BAILII flag 15
R (on the application of the Director of the Assets Recovery Agency) v Jia Jin He (N o 2) [2004] EWHC 3021 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 7 Dec 2004 BAILII flag 12
R (on the application of) v Metroplitan Police Commssioner [2004] EWHC 2229 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 7 Oct 2004 BAILII flag 1
R (on the application of v) v Independent Appeal Panel for Tom Hood School [2010] EWCA Civ 142; [2010] HRLR 21; [2010] ELR 291 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 26 Feb 2010 BAILII flag 4
R (R) v Durham Constabulary [2005] UKHL 21; [2005] 2 All ER 369; [2005] 1 WLR 1184; [2005] All ER (D) 278; [2006] Crim LR 87 House of Lords United Kingdom 17 Mar 2005 BAILII flag 33
R (S) v The Governing Body of YP School [2003] EWCA Civ 1306; [2004] ELR 37 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 11 Jul 2003 BAILII flag 8
R (Smith) v Parole Board (No 2) [2003] EWCA Civ 1269; [2004] 1 WLR 421; [2003] All ER (D) 07 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 31 Jul 2003 BAILII flag 22
R (Uttley) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2003] EWCA Civ 1130; [2003] 4 All ER 891; [2003] 1 WLR 2590; [2003] All ER (D) 499; [2003] HRLR 39; [2003] Crim LR 900 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 30 Jul 2003 BAILII flag 11
R v Abdurahman [2019] EWCA Crim 2239 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 17 Dec 2019 BAILII flag 3
R v Ail [2016] EWCA Crim 2; [2016] QB 763 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 15 Jan 2016 BAILII flag 1
R v Boness [2005] EWCA Crim 2395; [2006] 1 Cr App R (S) 120 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 19 Aug 2005 BAILII flag 33
R v Burton [2015] EWCA Crim 1307 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 23 Jul 2015 BAILII flag 1
R v Dobson [2011] EWCA Crim 1255 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 18 May 2011 BAILII flag 4
R v Gripton [2010] EWCA Crim 2260 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 21 Sep 2010 BAILII flag 5
R v H [2003] UKHL 1; [2003] 1 All ER 497; [2003] 2 Cr App R 25; [2003] All ER (D) 293; (2003) 167 JPN 155 House of Lords United Kingdom 30 Jan 2003 BAILII flag 17
R v Hancox [2010] EWCA Crim 102; [2010] 4 All ER 537; [2010] 1 WLR 1434; [2010] All ER (D) 41 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 4 Feb 2010 BAILII flag 14
R v Musharraf [2022] EWCA Crim 1482; [2023] 4 WLR 4 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 9 Nov 2022 BAILII flag 1
R v PM [2009] ACTSC 24 Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory Australia - Australian Capital Territory 16 Mar 2009 AustLII flag 28
R v W [2006] EWCA Crim 686; [2006] 3 All ER 562; [2007] 1 WLR 339; [2006] All ER (D) 410 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 28 Mar 2006 BAILII flag 4
R v York (Lee) [2007] EWCA Crim 1743 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 20 Jun 2007 BAILII flag
R (West) v Parole Board [2005] UKHL 1; [2005] 1 All ER 755; [2005] 1 WLR 350; 18 BHRC 267; [2005] 2 AC 680 House of Lords United Kingdom 27 Jan 2005 BAILII flag 168
Rabess, R (on the application of) v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis [2007] EWHC 208 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 29 Jan 2007 BAILII flag 1
Radius Residential Care Ltd v New Zealand Nurses Organisation Inc [2016] NZEmpC 112; [2016] ERNZ 733; (2016) 14 NZELR 515 New Zealand Employment Court New Zealand 31 Aug 2016 NZLII flag 12
Re a (No 2) [2019] EWCA Civ 1947 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 14 Nov 2019 BAILII flag 11
Re f [2016] EWHC 2149 (Fam) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 18 Aug 2016 BAILII flag 3
Re J (Children) [2013] UKSC 9; [2013] 1 AC 680; [2013] 3 All ER 1; [2013] 2 WLR 649 United Kingdom Supreme Court United Kingdom 20 Feb 2013 BAILII flag 59
Re Northern Ireland Housing Executive [2005] NIQB 71; [2006] NI 234 High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland - Queens Bench United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 23 Nov 2005 BAILII flag
Re t [2004] EWCA Civ 558 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 19 May 2004 BAILII flag 157
R v Lavery [2008] EWHC 1687 (Ch); [2009] 3 All ER 295; (2008) 172 JP 561; [2008] All ER (D) 227; (2008) 172 JPN 806 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 17 Jul 2008 BAILII flag 40
S-B (Children) (Care Proceedings: Standard Proof), Re [2009] UKSC 17; [2010] 1 AC 678; [2010] 1 All ER 705; [2010] 2 WLR 238; [2009] All ER (D) 160; [2010] Fam Law 231 United Kingdom Supreme Court United Kingdom 14 Dec 2009 BAILII flag 205
S (Restraint Order: Release of Assets), Re [2004] EWCA Crim 2374; [2005] 1 WLR 1338; [2004] All ER (D) 05; [2005] 1 Cr App R 17 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 1 Oct 2004 BAILII flag 6
Sahib Restaurant Ltd v Revenue & Customs [2007] UKVAT V20264 VAT & Duties Tribunals United Kingdom 20 Jul 2007 BAILII flag
Scottish Ministers v Doig [2006] ScotCS CSOH_176 Scottish Court of Session United Kingdom - Scotland 23 Nov 2006 BAILII flag
Scottish Ministers v McGuffie [2006] ScotCS CSOH_34 Scottish Court of Session United Kingdom - Scotland 28 Feb 2006 BAILII flag
Secretary of State for the Home Department v BC [2009] EWHC 2927 (Admin); [2010] 1 WLR 1542 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 11 Nov 2009 BAILII flag 10
Secretary of State for the Home Department v MB [2006] EWHC 1000 (Admin); [2006] All ER (D) 201 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 12 Apr 2006 BAILII flag 8
Secretary of State for the Home Department v MB; Secretary of State for the Home Department v AF [2007] UKHL 46; [2008] 1 AC 440; [2008] 1 All ER 657; [2007] 3 WLR 681; [2007] All ER (D) 01 House of Lords United Kingdom circa 2007 BAILII flag 123
Secretary of State for the Home Department v ST (Eritrea) [2010] EWCA Civ 643; [2010] 4 All ER 314; [2010] 1 WLR 2858 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 9 Jun 2010 BAILII flag 10
Serious Organised Crime Agency v Agidi [2011] EWHC 175 (QB) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 7 Feb 2011 BAILII flag 1
Serious Organised Crime Agency v Gale [2010] EWCA Civ 759; [2010] 1 WLR 2881; [2010] All ER (D) 70 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 7 Jul 2010 BAILII flag 6
Sharif v Birmingham City Council [2020] EWCA Civ 1488 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 10 Nov 2020 BAILII flag 2
SmithKline Beecham PLC & Others v Greg Avery & Others [2009] EWHC 1488 (QB) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 26 Jun 2009 BAILII flag 6
Solicitor for the Affairs of HM Treasury v Doveton [2008] EWHC 2812 (Ch); [2009] BPIR 352 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 13 Nov 2008 BAILII flag 2
Swindon Borough Council v Redpath [2009] EWCA Civ 943; [2010] 1 All ER 1003 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 11 Sep 2009 BAILII flag 4
T, R (on the application of) v Manchester Crown Court [2005] EWHC 1396 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 7 Jun 2005 BAILII flag 1
Taylor, R (on the application of) v Commissioner for the Metropolitan Police [2009] EWHC 264 (Admin); [2009] ACD 52; (2009) 173 JP 121 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 15 Jan 2009 BAILII flag 4
Tinglin (Greg) v DPP (The) [2024] JMCA 65 Court of Appeal of Jamaica Jamaica 6 May 2024 CommonLII flag
U (a child) (serious injury: standard of proof), Re [2005] Fam 134; [2004] Fam Law 565; [2004] 3 WLR 753 United Kingdom 14 May 2004 BAILII flag 10
Uddin , R v [2015] EWCA Crim 1918 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 11 Dec 2015 BAILII flag
Vella v Commissioner of Police (NSW) [2019] HCA 38 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 6 Nov 2019 AustLII flag 26
Vella v Commissioner of Police (NSW) [2019] HCA 38 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 6 Nov 2019 AustLII flag 26
W v Acton Youth Court [2005] EWHC 954 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 28 Apr 2005 BAILII flag 3
Walsh v Director of the Assets Recovery Agency [2005] NICA 6; [2005] NI 383 Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland United Kingdom - Northern Ireland 26 Jan 2005 BAILII flag 20
Wareham v Purbeck District Council [2005] EWHC 358 (Admin) High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 14 Mar 2005 BAILII flag 1
WBM v Chief Commissioner of Police [2010] VSC 219 Supreme Court of Victoria Australia - Victoria 28 May 2010 AustLII flag 19
Wilson, Chief Constable of Fife Constabulary, Re Judicial Review [2008] ScotCS CSOH_96 Scottish Court of Session United Kingdom - Scotland 1 Jul 2008 BAILII flag
Z v Dental Complaints Assessment Committee [2008] NZSC 55; [2009] 1 NZLR 1; [2009] NZLRSC 1 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 25 Jul 2008 NZLII flag 1372
[2002] Uksscsc Cis_4218_2001 (13 December 2002) [2002] UKSSCSC CIS_4218_2001 Social Security and Child Support Commission United Kingdom 13 Dec 2002 BAILII flag
[2004] HKCA 293 (11 October 2004) [2004] HKCA 293 Hong Kong Court of Appeal Hong Kong 11 Oct 2004 HKLII flag
[2006] Hkca 283 (7 July 2006) [2006] HKCA 283 Hong Kong Court of Appeal Hong Kong 7 Jul 2006 HKLII flag
[2007] Hkcfi 745 (23 July 2007) [2007] HKCFI 745 Hong Kong Court of First Instance Hong Kong 23 Jul 2007 HKLII flag
[2008] Ewhc 2623 (Admin); (2008) 172 JPN 845; (2008) 172 JP 605 [2008] EWHC 2623 (Admin); (2008) 172 JPN 845; (2008) 172 JP 605 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales circa 2008 BAILII flag 3
[2008] Hkcfa 18 (13 March 2008) [2008] HKCFA 18 Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal Hong Kong 13 Mar 2008 HKLII flag
[2009] Hkcfi 1007 (31 August 2009) [2009] HKCFI 1007 Hong Kong Court of First Instance Hong Kong 31 Aug 2009 HKLII flag
[2010] Hkca 269 (21 July 2010) [2010] HKCA 269 Hong Kong Court of Appeal Hong Kong 21 Jul 2010 HKLII flag

Law Reform Reports Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title †  Citation(s) Author Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index
Civil Pecuniary Penalties [2012] NZLCIP 33 New Zealand Law Commission - Issues Papers New Zealand circa 2012 NZLII flag
- Defences in Criminal Law (95-2009) (Report) [2009] IELRC 95 Irish Law Reform Commission Republic of Ireland circa 2009 BAILII flag
- Enforcement of Family Financial Orders [2017] EWLC 370 Law Commission United Kingdom 15 Dec 2016 BAILII flag

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title †  Citation(s) Author Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index
"The Law and (Anti-Social Behaviour) Order Campaign in Western Australia" [2011] CICrimJust 3 (2011) 22 (3) Current Issues in Criminal Justice 399 Crofts, Thomas Australia circa 2011 AustLII flag
"Appendix 3 - List of Leading Cases of United Kingdom" [2011] NLUDLRS 8 Editors India circa 2011 LIIofIndia flag
"Neighbours Behaving Badly: Anti-Social Behaviour, Property Rights and Exclusion in England and Australia" (2005) 5 Macquarie Law Journal 149 Hunter, Caroline; Nixon, Judy; Slatter, Michele Australia circa 2005 AustLII flag
" 'Tainted' Assets, 'Dirty' Money and the Civil-Criminal Dichotomy: A Novel Approach to the Classification of Civil Forfeiture Proceedings under the Criminal Proceeds (Recovery) Act 2009" (2015) 21 Auckland University Law Review 193 Ko, Ian New Zealand circa 2015 NZLII flag
"Understanding Anti-Terrorism Policy: Values, Rationales and Principles" (2012) 34 Sydney Law Review 317 Macdonald, Stuart Australia circa 2012 AustLII flag
"Tackling 'Antisocial Behaviour' in Britain and New South Wales - a Preliminary Comparative Account" [2011] CICrimJust 2 (2011) 22 (3) Current Issues in Criminal Justice 379 Martin, Greg Australia circa 2011 AustLII flag
"The Reshaping of Control Orders in the United Kingdom: Time for a Fairer Go, Australia!" (2013) 37 Melbourne University Law Review 143 Walker, Clive Australia circa 2013 AustLII flag 5

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
Evidence Act 1995 (Cth) s1, s4
Criminal Procedure Act (WA) s43
Courts Act 1973

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name †  Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index
[2002] 3 WLR 289 [2002] 3 WLR 289 United Kingdom circa 2002 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 1
Adolf v Austria [1982] ECHR 2; (1982) 4 EHRR 313 European Court of Human Rights Europe 26 Mar 1982 BAILII flag 10
Albert and Le Compte v Belgium [1983] ECHR 1; (1983) 5 EHRR 533 European Court of Human Rights Europe 10 Feb 1983 BAILII flag 108
Amand v Home Secretary [1943] AC 147; [1942] 2 All ER 381 United Kingdom circa 1943 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 95
B v Chief Constable of Avon and Somerset Constabulary [2000] EWHC 559 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales circa 2000 BAILII flag
Bendenoun v France [1994] ECHR 7; (1994) 18 EHRR 54 European Court of Human Rights Europe 24 Feb 1994 BAILII flag 24
Benham v United Kingdom [1996] ECHR 22; (1996) 22 EHRR 293 European Court of Human Rights Europe 10 Jun 1996 BAILII flag 85
Brown v Stott [2000] UKPC D3; [2001] 2 All ER 97; [2001] 2 WLR 817; [2001] SLT 59; [2001] SCCR 62 Privy Council United Kingdom - Scotland 5 Dec 2000 BAILII flag 127
Constanda v M [1997] SC 217 United Kingdom - Scotland circa 1997 flag 7
Customs and Excise Commissioners v City of London Magistrates' Court [2000] 4 All ER 763; [2000] 1 WLR 2020; [2000] Crim LR 841; [2000] BTC 5194 United Kingdom circa 2000 BAILII flag 21
Deweer v Belgium [1980] ECHR 1; (1980) 2 EHRR 439 European Court of Human Rights Europe 27 Feb 1980 BAILII flag 70
Dombo Beheer BV v The Netherlands [1993] ECHR 49; (1994) 18 EHRR 213 European Court of Human Rights Europe 27 Oct 1993 BAILII flag 78
Doorson v Netherlands [1996] ECHR 14; (1996) 22 EHRR 330 European Court of Human Rights Europe 26 Mar 1996 BAILII flag 89
Engel v The Netherlands (No 1) [1976] ECHR 3; (1976) 1 EHRR 647 European Court of Human Rights Europe 8 Jun 1976 BAILII flag 199
Ex parte Woodhall [1888] UKLawRpKQB 89; (1888) 57 LJMC 71; (1888) 20 QBD 832; 59 LT 841 United Kingdom 8 May 1888 CommonLII flag 46
Garyfallou AEBE v Greece (1997) 28 EHRR 344 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 1997 flag 5
Gough v Chief Constable of the Derbyshire Constabulary [2001] EWHC Admin 554; [2002] QB 459; [2001] 4 All ER 289; [2001] 3 WLR 1392 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 13 Jul 2001 BAILII flag 13
Guzzardi v Italy [1980] ECHR 5; (1981) 3 EHRR 333 European Court of Human Rights Europe 6 Nov 1980 BAILII flag 107
Han v Commissioners of Customs and Excise [2001] EWCA Civ 1040; [2001] 4 All ER 687; [2001] 1 WLR 2253 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 27 Jun 2001 BAILII flag 54
In re H (Minors)(Sexual Abuse: Standard of Proof) [1996] AC 563 United Kingdom circa 1996 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 909
In re S (Minors) (Care Order: Implementation of Care Plan) [2002] UKHL 10; [2002] 2 AC 291; [2002] 2 All ER 192; [2002] 2 WLR 720; [2002] UKHRR 652; [2002] HRLR 26; [2002] Fam Law 413 House of Lords United Kingdom 14 Mar 2002 BAILII flag 160
Kostovski v Netherlands [1989] ECHR 20; (1989) 12 EHRR 434 European Court of Human Rights Europe 20 Nov 1989 BAILII flag 42
Lauko v Slovakia [1998] ECHR 82; [1998] HRCD 838; (1998) 33 EHRR 994 European Court of Human Rights Europe 2 Sep 1998 BAILII flag 4
Lutz v Germany [1987] ECHR 20; (1987) 10 EHRR 182 European Court of Human Rights Europe 25 Aug 1987 BAILII flag 9
McFeeley v United Kingdom [1981] 3 EHRR 161 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 1981 flag 22
McGregor v D [1977] SC 330 United Kingdom - Scotland circa 1977 flag 7
Official Receiver v Stern [2001] 1 All ER 633; [2000] 1 WLR 2230 United Kingdom circa 2001 LexisNexis flag 10
Ozturk v Germany [1984] ECHR 1; (1984) 6 EHRR 409 European Court of Human Rights Europe 21 Feb 1984 BAILII flag 27
Percy v DPP [1995] 3 All ER 124; [1995] 1 WLR 1382 United Kingdom circa 1995 LexisNexis flag 28
Proprietary Articles Trade Association v Attorney-General for Canada [1931] AC 310; 100 LJPC 84 United Kingdom circa 1931 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 47
R (McCann) v Crown Court at Manchester [2001] EWCA Civ 281; [2001] 4 All ER 264; (2001) 165 JP 545; [2001] HRLR 37; [2001] 1 WLR 1084; (2002) 166 JPN 150 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 1 Mar 2001 BAILII flag 20
R v Kansal (No 2) [2001] UKHL 62; [2002] 2 AC 69; [2002] 1 All ER 257; [2001] 3 WLR 1562; [2001] All ER (D) 418; [2002] HRLR 9; [2002] 1 Cr App R 36; [2002] UKHRR 169; [2002] BPIR 370 House of Lords United Kingdom circa 2001 BAILII flag 84
R v Manchester Crown Court, ex p McCann [2000] EWHC 565 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales circa 2000 BAILII flag
R v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, Ex p McCormick [1998] BCC 379 United Kingdom circa 1998 flag 3
Raimondo v Italy [1994] ECHR 3; (1994) 18 EHRR 237 European Court of Human Rights Europe 22 Feb 1994 BAILII flag 30
Ravnsborg v Sweden [1994] ECHR 11; (1994) 18 EHRR 38 European Court of Human Rights Europe 23 Mar 1994 BAILII flag 9
S v Miller [2001] SC 977 United Kingdom - Scotland circa 2001 flag 34
Saidi v France [1993] ECHR 39; (1994) 17 EHRR 251 European Court of Human Rights Europe 20 Sep 1993 BAILII flag 14
Sporrong and Lonnroth v Sweden [1982] ECHR 5; (1983) 5 EHRR 35 European Court of Human Rights Europe 23 Sep 1982 BAILII flag 244
Steel v United Kingdom [1998] ECHR 95; (1998) 28 EHRR 603; [1998] HRCD 872; 5 BHRC 339 European Court of Human Rights Europe 23 Sep 1998 BAILII flag 65
Unterpertinger v Austria (1986) 13 EHRR 175 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 1986 flag 23

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