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"Regulating Cyber-Racism"   flag 

(2017) 41 Melbourne University Law Review 284
Mason, Gail; Czapski, Natalie
Melbourne University Law Review
Australia

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
Crimes Act 1900 (ACT) s392
Discrimination Act 1991 (ACT) s67A
Broadcasting Services Bill 1992 (Cth)
Enhancing Online Safety for Children (Consequential Amendments) Bill 2014 (Cth)
Enhancing Online Safety for Children Amendment Bill 2017 (Cth)
Enhancing Online Safety for Children Bill 2014 (Cth)
Racial Hatred Bill 1994 (Cth)
Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth) s46PO
Broadcasting Services Act 1992 (Cth)
Classification (Publications, Films and Computer Games) Act 1995 (Cth) s5, s6
Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) s9, s18C, s18D
Telecommunications Act 1997 (Cth) s7, s151, s313
Broadcasting Services Amendment (Online Services) Act 1999 (Cth)
Crimes Legislation Amendment (Telecommunications Offences and Other Measures) Act (No 2) 2004 (Cth)
Racial Hatred Act 1995 (Cth)
Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW) s20B, s20C
Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) s30, s31, s35, s199, s545B
Crimes (Domestic and Personal Violence) Act 2007 (NSW) s7, s13, s3, s57
Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW) s21A
Summary Offences Act 1988 (NSW) s4, s4A
Anti-Discrimination Act 1992 (NT) s19, s28
Classification of Publications, Films and Computer Games Act 1985 (NT) s75, s77
Summary Offences Act 1923 (NT) s47, s53
Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) s124A, s131A
Classification (Publications, Films and Computer Games) Act 1995 (SA) s75A, s75C, s75D
Civil Liability Act 1936 (SA) s73
Criminal Law Consolidation Act 1935 (SA) s19, s19AA
Racial Vilification Act 1996 (SA) s4, s5
Summary Offences Act 1953 (SA) s7, s22
Anti-Discrimination Act 1998 (Tas) s19, s21
Police Offences Act 1935 (Tas) s12
Crimes Act 1958 (Vic) s20, s21, s21A
Classification (Publications, Films and Computer Games) (Enforcement) Act 1995 (Vic)
Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 (Vic) s7, s8, s11, s24, s25
Summary Offences Act 1966 (Vic) s17
Classification (Publications, Films and Computer Games) Enforcement Act 1996 (WA) s99, s101, s102
Harmful Digital Communications Act 2015

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
Brown v DPP (Cth) (2016) 315 FLR 461 Australia circa 2016 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 1
"Sexual Violence in the Digital Age: The Scope and Limits of Criminal Law" (2016) 25 Social and Legal Studies 397 Social and Legal Studies United Kingdom circa 2016 Sage flag 1
"The Effects of Civil Hate Speech Laws: Lessons from Australia" (2015) 49 Law and Society Review 631 Law and Society Review United States circa 2015 flag 2
"Turning the Spotlight on “ Offensiveness ” as a Basis for Criminal Liability" (2014) 39 Alternative Law Journal 36 Alternative Law Journal Australia circa 2014 HeinOnline / Informit flag 3
"s Regulatory Response to "Hate Speech"" (2014) 33 Civil Justice Quarterly 307 Civil Justice Quarterly United Kingdom circa 2014 Westlaw flag 2
Starkey v Commonwealth DPP [2013] QDC 124 District Court of Queensland Australia - Queensland 31 May 2013 AustLII flag 4
Monis v R (2013) 249 CLR 92 Australia - Commonwealth circa 2013 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 122
"Conceptualising “ Racism ” in Criminal Law" (2013) 33 Legal Studies 215 Legal Studies United Kingdom circa 2013 Wiley ScienceDirect flag 2
O'Connell v Western Australia [2012] WASCA 96 Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal Australia - Western Australia 4 May 2012 AustLII flag 51
Clarke v Nationwide News Pty Ltd t/as Sunday Times [2012] FCA 307; (2012) 201 FCR 389; (2012) 289 ALR 345 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 27 Mar 2012 AustLII flag 30
Sunol v Collier (No 2) [2012] NSWCA 44; (2012) 289 ALR 128; (2012) 260 FLR 414 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal Australia - New South Wales 22 Mar 2012 AustLII flag 82
Monis v R [2011] NSWCCA 231; (2011) 256 FLR 28; (2011) 215 A Crim R 64 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal Australia - New South Wales 6 Dec 2011 AustLII flag 20
Eatock v Bolt [2011] FCA 1103; (2011) 197 FCR 261; (2011) 283 ALR 505 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 28 Sep 2011 AustLII flag 80
"Intermediaries and Hate Speech: Fostering Digital Citizenship for Our Information Age" (2011) 91 Boston University Law Review 1435 Boston University Law Review United States circa 2011 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 2
Agostino v Cleaves [2010] ACTSC 19 Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory Australia - Australian Capital Territory 3 Mar 2010 AustLII flag 7
(2010) 78 George Washington Law Review 822 (2010) 78 George Washington Law Review 822 George Washington Law Review United States circa 2010 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
"Dignity and Defamation: The Visibility of Hate" (2010) 123 Harvard Law Review 1597 Harvard Law Review United States circa 2010 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
Trad v Jones (No 3) [2009] NSWADT 318 Administrative Decisions Tribunal Australia - New South Wales 21 Dec 2009 AustLII flag 18
"Cyber Bullying in Schools and the Law: Is there an Effective Means of Addressing the Power Imbalance?" [2009] MurdochUeJlLaw 6 (2009) 16 Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law 84 Murdoch University Electronic Journal of Law Australia circa 2009 AustLII flag 1
"Hate crime in cyberspace: the challenges of substantive criminal law" (2009) 18 Information and Communications Technology Law 201 Information and Communications Technology Law circa 2009 1
"The Spectral Ground: Religious Belief Discrimination" (2009) 9 Macquarie Law Journal 71 Macquarie Law Journal Australia circa 2009 AustLII flag 6
General Television Corporation Pty Ltd v DPP (Underbelly case) [2008] VSCA 49; (2008) 19 VR 68; (2008) 182 A Crim R 496 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 26 Mar 2008 AustLII flag 42
"Ethnicity and trust: perceptions of police bias" (2008) 10 International Journal of Police Science and Management 388 International Journal of Police Science and Management circa 2008 1
Silberberg v Builders Collective of Australia Inc [2007] FCA 1512; (2007) 164 FCR 475; (2007) 98 ALD 54; [2007] EOC 93-478 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Oct 2007 AustLII flag 13
(2007) 10 Internet Law Bulletin 62 (2007) 10 Internet Law Bulletin 62 Internet Law Bulletin Australia circa 2007 flag 1
Catch the Fire Ministries Inc v Islamic Council of Victoria Inc [2006] VSCA 284; (2006) 15 VR 207; (2006) 206 FLR 56; (2006) 235 ALR 750 Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal Australia - Victoria 14 Dec 2006 AustLII flag 83
Collier v Sunol [2005] NSWADT 261 Administrative Decisions Tribunal Australia - New South Wales 17 Nov 2005 AustLII flag 32
Toben v Jones [2003] FCAFC 137; (2003) 129 FCR 515; (2003) 199 ALR 1; (2003) 74 ALD 321; [2003] EOC 93-284 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 27 Jun 2003 AustLII flag 84
"Cyberstalking: The Technology of Hate" (2003) 76 Police Journal 204 Police Journal United Kingdom circa 2003 flag 1
"Enforcing Bias-Crime Laws Without Bias: Evaluating The Disproportionate-Enforcement Critique" (2003) 66 Law and Contemporary Problems 49 Law and Contemporary Problems United States circa 2003 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 3
McGlade v Lightfoot [2002] FCA 1457; (2002) 124 FCR 106; (2002) 73 ALD 385; [2003] EOC 93-252 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 26 Nov 2002 AustLII flag 22
Jones v Toben [2002] FCA 1150; (2002) 71 ALD 629; [2002] EOC 93-247 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 17 Sep 2002 AustLII flag 87
Jones v Scully [2002] FCA 1080; (2002) 120 FCR 243; 120 FLR 243; (2002) 71 ALD 567; [2002] EOC 93-238 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 2 Sep 2002 AustLII flag 101
Khan v Commissioner, Department of Corrective Services [2002] NSWADT 131 Administrative Decisions Tribunal Australia - New South Wales 31 Jul 2002 AustLII flag 21
Veloskey v Karagiannakis [2002] NSWADTAP 18 Administrative Decisions Tribunal Australia - New South Wales 27 Jun 2002 AustLII flag 47
Dow Jones & Co Inc v Gutnick (2002) 210 CLR 575 Australia - Commonwealth circa 2002 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 344
Creek v Cairns Post Pty Ltd [2001] FCA 1007; (2001) 112 FCR 352; [2001] EOC 93-168 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 31 Jul 2001 AustLII flag 70
Williams v Tandanya Cultural Centre [2001] FMCA 46; (2001) 163 FLR 203 Federal Magistrates Court of Australia Australia 23 Jul 2001 AustLII flag 5
Brannigan v Commonwealth of Australia [2000] FCA 1591; (2000) 110 FCR 566 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 10 Nov 2000 AustLII flag 15
Macabenta v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [1998] FCA 1643; (1998) 90 FCR 202; (1998) 159 ALR 465; 52 ALD 8 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 18 Dec 1998 AustLII flag 41
Commission for Racial Equality v Dutton [1988] EWCA Civ 17; [1989] QB 783; [1989] 1 All ER 306; [1989] IRLR 8; [1989] 2 WLR 17 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 27 Jul 1988 BAILII flag 20
Mandla (Sewa Singh) v Dowell Lee [1982] UKHL 7; [1983] 2 AC 548; [1983] 1 All ER 1062; [1983] 2 WLR 620; [1983] IRLR 209; [1983] ICR 385 House of Lords United Kingdom 24 Mar 1982 BAILII flag 120
King-Ansell v Police [1979] 2 NZLR 531 New Zealand circa 1979 LexisNexis flag 71
Singh v Rowntree MacKintosh Ltd [1979] ICR 554 United Kingdom circa 1979 flag 1
Ealing London Borough Council v Race Relations Board [1971] UKHL 3; [1972] AC 342; [1972] 2 WLR 71 House of Lords United Kingdom 16 Dec 1971 BAILII flag 75
(1969) 660 Unts 212 (1969) 660 UNTS 212 International circa 1969 flag 4

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