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Here ora? Preventive measures for community safety, rehabilitation and reintegration   flag 

[2024] NZLCIP 54
New Zealand Law Commission - Issues Papers
New Zealand

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
Crimes (High Risk Offenders) Act 2006 (NSW) s2, s4, s5H, s11
Serious Sex Offenders Act 2013 (NT) s65
Dangerous Prisoners (Sexual Offenders) Act 2003 (Qld) s5, s27, s43AA
Penalties and Sentences Act 1992 (Qld) s162
Criminal Law (High Risk Offenders) Act 2015 (SA) s4, s10
Sentencing Act 2017 (SA) s57
Dangerous Criminals and High Risk Offenders Act 2021 (Tas) s7
Serious Offenders Act 2018 (Vic) s8, s100
Serious Sex Offenders (Detention and Supervision) Act 2009 (Vic)
High Risk Serious Offenders Act 2020 (WA) s5, s30, s64
Sentencing Act 1995 (WA) s65, s66

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) Court Jurisdiction Date †  Full Text Citation Index
Chief Executive, Department of Corrections v Waiti [2024] NZHC 1682 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 25 Jun 2024 NZLII flag 1
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Cash [2024] NZHC 1662 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 21 Jun 2024 NZLII flag 1
Sloss v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2024] NZCA 226 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 13 Jun 2024 NZLII flag 1
Farish v R [2024] NZSC 65 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 11 Jun 2024 NZLII flag 3
R (SC 64/2022) v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2024] NZSC 47 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 7 May 2024 NZLII flag 1
Grinder v New Zealand Parole Board [2024] NZSC 50 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 6 May 2024 NZLII flag 1
M v R [2024] NZSC 29; [2024] 1 NZLR 83 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 23 Apr 2024 NZLII flag 11
Madden v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2024] NZCA 8 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 15 Feb 2024 NZLII flag 1
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v White [2023] NZHC 3870 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 21 Dec 2023 NZLII flag 2
Attorney-General v Grinder [2023] NZCA 596; [2023] 3 NZLR 760 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 24 Nov 2023 NZLII flag 2
Douglas v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2023] NZCA 522 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 26 Oct 2023 NZLII flag 1
Brown v R [2023] NZCA 487 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 5 Oct 2023 NZLII flag 3
Tawhai v R [2023] NZCA 444 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 14 Sep 2023 NZLII flag 4
Van Hemert v R [2023] NZSC 116; [2023] 1 NZLR 412 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 31 Aug 2023 NZLII flag 17
Pori v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2023] NZCA 407 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 30 Aug 2023 NZLII flag 2
McGuinness v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2023] NZCA 387 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 24 Aug 2023 NZLII flag 2
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Waiti [2023] NZHC 2310 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 24 Aug 2023 NZLII flag 2
Chief Executive, Department of Corrections v Chisnall [2023] NZHC 2278 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 23 Aug 2023 NZLII flag 1
Mitchell v Police [2023] NZSC 104; [2023] 1 NZLR 238 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 11 Aug 2023 NZLII flag 3
New Zealand Parole Board v Attorney-General [2023] NZHC 1611 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 27 Jun 2023 NZLII flag 2
Bannan v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2023] NZCA 227 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 13 Jun 2023 NZLII flag 7
Te Pania v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2023] NZCA 161 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 9 May 2023 NZLII flag 4
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Douglas [2023] NZHC 1085 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 8 May 2023 NZLII flag 4
Commissioner of Police v G [2023] NZCA 93; (2023) 13 HRNZ 918 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 26 Apr 2023 NZLII flag 5
Dickey v R [2023] NZCA 2; [2023] 2 NZLR 405 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 27 Jan 2023 NZLII flag 74
Pengelly v New Zealand Parole Board [2023] NZHC 3768 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand circa 2023 NZLII flag 1
R v Christian [2023] NZHC 3509 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand circa 2023 NZLII flag 1
"Is There a Relationship Between Prison Conditions and Recidivism?" (2023) 40 Justice Quarterly 106 Justice Quarterly United States circa 2023 HeinOnline flag 1
Chief Executive, Department of Corrections v Pori [2022] NZHC 3581 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 21 Dec 2022 NZLII flag 4
Mosen v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2022] NZCA 507; (2022) 30 CRNZ 751 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 25 Oct 2022 NZLII flag 17
Chisnall v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2022] NZCA 402 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 26 Aug 2022 NZLII flag 9
Wilson v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2022] NZCA 289 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 4 Jul 2022 NZLII flag 18
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Narayan [2022] NZHC 1535 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 30 Jun 2022 NZLII flag 3
Attorney-General v Chisnall [2022] NZSC 77 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 22 Jun 2022 NZLII flag 13
Green v New Zealand Parole Board [2022] NZHC 693 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 6 Apr 2022 NZLII flag 5
Douglas v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2022] NZHC 600 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 29 Mar 2022 NZLII flag 2
T (Ca502/2018) v R [2022] NZCA 83 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 25 Mar 2022 NZLII flag 7
Chisnall v Attorney-General [2022] NZCA 24; (2022) 13 HRNZ 107 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 22 Feb 2022 NZLII flag 21
"The Effect of Public Health Insurance on Criminal Recidivism" (2022) 41 Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 45 Journal of Policy Analysis and Management United States circa 2022 flag 1
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Anae [2022] NZHC 1753 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand circa 2022 NZLII flag 1
R (CA586/2021) v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2022] NZCA 225 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand circa 2022 NZLII flag 26
"Conditioning Sentencing To Prevent Double Punishment of Offenders Who Commit Offences while on Conditional Liberty" (2022) 46 Melbourne University Law Review 1 Melbourne University Law Review Australia circa 2022 AustLII flag 1
Berkland v R [2022] NZSC 143; [2022] 1 NZLR 509 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand circa 2022 NZLII flag 289
Miller v Attorney-General [2022] NZHC 1832 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand circa 2022 NZLII flag 3
Department of Corrections v Gray [2021] NZHC 3558 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 20 Dec 2021 NZLII flag 10
Chisnall v Attorney-General [2021] NZCA 616; [2022] 2 NZLR 484; [2021] HRNZ 49 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 22 Nov 2021 NZLII flag 42
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Kepu [2021] NZHC 2745 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 13 Oct 2021 NZLII flag 3
Fitzgerald v R [2021] NZSC 131; [2021] 1 NZLR 551; (2021) 12 HRNZ 739; (2021) 12 PRNZ 739 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 7 Oct 2021 NZLII flag 91
C v New Zealand Parole Board [2021] NZHC 2567 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 4 Oct 2021 NZLII flag 3
Trans-Tasman Resources Ltd v Taranaki-Whanganui Conservation Board [2021] NZSC 127; [2021] 1 NZLR 801; (2021) 23 ELRNZ 47 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 30 Sep 2021 NZLII flag 59
Chief Executive, Department of Corrections v Pori [2021] NZHC 2305 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 3 Sep 2021 NZLII flag 7
Hofmann v Department of Corrections [2021] NZCA 256 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 21 Jun 2021 NZLII flag 6
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Clements [2021] NZHC 1383 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 11 Jun 2021 NZLII flag 3
McIntosh v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2021] NZCA 218 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 31 May 2021 NZLII flag 22
Miller v Department of Corrections [2021] NZHC 983 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 5 May 2021 NZLII flag 5
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Tuliloa [2021] NZHC 745 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 1 Apr 2021 NZLII flag 2
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Salmon [2021] NZHC 118 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 10 Feb 2021 NZLII flag 2
D (SC 31/2019) v New Zealand Police [2021] NZSC 2; [2021] 1 NZLR 213; (2021) 29 CRNZ 552 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 9 Feb 2021 NZLII flag 52
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Chisnall [2021] NZHC 32 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 27 Jan 2021 NZLII flag 6
"Recidivism rates of sex offenders under the Dangerous Prisoners (Sexual Offenders) Act 2003 : an evaluation of actuarial justice" (2021) 28 Psychiatry Psychology and Law 310 Psychiatry Psychology and Law Australia circa 2021 HeinOnline flag 1
Isherwood v New Zealand (2021) 14 HRNZ 21 New Zealand circa 2021 flag 1
Vincent v New Zealand Parole Board [2020] NZHC 3316 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 15 Dec 2020 NZLII flag 7
Woods v New Zealand Police [2020] NZSC 141; [2020] 1 NZLR 743 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 10 Dec 2020 NZLII flag 5
Ellis v R [2020] NZSC 137 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 7 Dec 2020 NZLII flag 3
Deputy Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v McCorkindale [2020] NZHC 2484 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 22 Sep 2020 NZLII flag 4
Smith v Attorney-General [2020] NZHC 1848 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 28 Jul 2020 NZLII flag 4
M v Attorney-General [2020] NZCA 311; (2020) 32 FRNZ 685 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 27 Jul 2020 NZLII flag 6
Coleman v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2020] NZCA 210 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 2 Jun 2020 NZLII flag 5
Coleman v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2020] NZHC 1033 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 18 May 2020 NZLII flag 3
"Risk Assessment Algorithms in the New Zealand Criminal Justice System" [2020] New Zealand Law Journal 328 New Zealand Law Journal New Zealand circa 2020 flag 2
"Exploring the Relationship between Prison Social Climate and Reoffending" (2020) 37 Justice Quarterly 358 Justice Quarterly United States circa 2020 HeinOnline flag 1
"High Risk, Not Hopeless: Correctional Interventions For People At Risk For Violence" (2020) 103 Marquette Law Review 1129 Marquette Law Review United States circa 2020 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
"No Involuntary Treatment of Mental Illness in Australian and New Zealand Prisons" (2020) 32 Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology 1 Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology circa 2020 2
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Waiti [2019] NZHC 3256 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 11 Dec 2019 NZLII flag 8
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Chisnall [2019] NZHC 3126; [2020] 2 NZLR 110 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 28 Nov 2019 NZLII flag 7
Chisnall v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2019] NZCA 510 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 23 Oct 2019 NZLII flag 11
McGreevy v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2019] NZCA 495 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 16 Oct 2019 NZLII flag 6
Nepia v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2019] NZHC 2485 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 1 Oct 2019 NZLII flag 1
R (CA464/2018) v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2019] NZCA 60 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 20 Mar 2019 NZLII flag 5
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v R [2018] NZHC 3455 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 21 Dec 2018 NZLII flag 8
Ilnseher v Germany [2018] ECHR 991 European Court of Human Rights Europe 4 Dec 2018 BAILII flag 6
Wilson v Department of Corrections [2018] NZHC 2977 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 16 Nov 2018 NZLII flag 10
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v SRA [2018] NZHC 1088 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 17 May 2018 NZLII flag 1
Chief Executive, Department of Corrections v Maindonald [2018] NZHC 946 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 4 May 2018 NZLII flag 3
(2018) 732 NZPD 6430 (2018) 732 NZPD 6430 New Zealand circa 2018 flag 1
(2018) 734 NZPD 8065 (2018) 734 NZPD 8065 New Zealand circa 2018 flag 1
Grant v R [2017] NZCA 614 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 19 Dec 2017 NZLII flag 16
Te Whatu v Department of Corrections [2017] NZHC 3233; [2018] 2 NZLR 822; (2017) 11 HRNZ 362 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 19 Dec 2017 NZLII flag 10
Department of Corrections v Pori [2017] NZHC 3082 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 12 Dec 2017 NZLII flag 6
Brown v Parole Board for Scotland [2017] UKSC 69; [2018] AC 1 United Kingdom Supreme Court United Kingdom 1 Nov 2017 BAILII flag 21
Department of Corrections v Miller [2017] NZHC 2527 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 17 Oct 2017 NZLII flag 7
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Kerr [2017] NZHC 2366 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 28 Sep 2017 NZLII flag 3
R v McGregor [2017] NZHC 2150 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 6 Sep 2017 NZLII flag 2
Chisnall v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2017] NZSC 114; [2018] 1 NZLR 83 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 1 Aug 2017 NZLII flag 31
Bell v R [2017] NZCA 90 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 28 Mar 2017 NZLII flag 31
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Kerr [2017] NZHC 139 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 13 Feb 2017 NZLII flag 5
Chief Executive, Department of Corrections v P [2017] NZHC 135 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 10 Feb 2017 NZLII flag 1
(2017) 12 Policing 455 (2017) 12 Policing 455 United Kingdom circa 2017 flag 1
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Ihimaera [2017] NZHC 2228 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand circa 2017 NZLII flag 26
Miller v New Zealand (2017) 11 HRNZ 400 New Zealand circa 2017 flag 5
"Serial Domestic Abuse in Wales: An Exploratory Study Into its Definition, Prevalence, Correlates, and Management" (2017) 12 Victims & Offenders 643 Victims & Offenders United Kingdom circa 2017 flag 1
Nelson v R [2017] NZCA 407 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand circa 2017 NZLII flag 3
"Culture is our business: Issues and challenges for forensic and correctional psychologists" (2017) 49 Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 564 Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences Australia circa 2017 flag 1
Deputy Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v McCorkindale [2017] NZHC 2536 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand circa 2017 NZLII flag 8
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Douglas [2016] NZHC 3184 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 21 Dec 2016 NZLII flag 20
Erceg v Erceg [2016] NZSC 135; [2017] 1 NZLR 310 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 14 Oct 2016 NZLII flag 327
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Ranui [2016] NZHC 1174 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 26 Sep 2016 NZLII flag 5
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v CJW [2016] NZHC 1082 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 23 May 2016 NZLII flag 19
T (Ca438/2015) v R [2016] NZCA 148 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 26 Apr 2016 NZLII flag 9
Clark v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2016] NZCA 119 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 12 Apr 2016 NZLII flag 4
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Aima ’ asu [2016] NZHC 603 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 7 Apr 2016 NZLII flag 4
Wilson v Chief Executive of Department of Corrections [2016] NZHC 469 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 17 Mar 2016 NZLII flag 4
Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections v Martin [2016] NZHC 275 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 25 Feb 2016 NZLII flag 15
(2016) 10 Policing 171 (2016) 10 Policing 171 United Kingdom circa 2016 flag 1
"Much Obliged: An Assessment of Governmental Accountability for Prisoners' Rights in New Zealand's Private Prisons" (2016) 22 Auckland University Law Review 207 Auckland University Law Review New Zealand circa 2016 NZLII flag 1
Holland v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2016] NZCA 504 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand circa 2016 NZLII flag 37
Kaiyam v United Kingdom (2016) 62 EHRR SE13 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 2016 flag 7
Bergmann v Germany (2016) 63 EHRR 21 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 2016 flag 2
"Intensive psychological treatment of high-risk violent offenders: Outcomes and pre-release mechanisms" (2016) 22 Psychology Crime & Law 344 Psychology, Crime & Law United Kingdom circa 2016 flag 1
Rangitonga v Parker [2015] NZHC 1772; [2016] 2 NZLR 73 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 30 Jul 2015 NZLII flag 17
Robertson v Police [2015] NZCA 7 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 5 Feb 2015 NZLII flag 164
"Eliminating Mental Disability as a Legal Criterion in Deprivation of Liberty Cases: The Impact of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities on the Insanity Defense, Civil Commitment, and Competency Law" (2015) 40 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 36 International Journal of Law and Psychiatry circa 2015 3
D (Ca197/2014) v R [2014] NZCA 373 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 6 Aug 2014 NZLII flag 18
Greathead v R [2014] NZCA 49 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 5 Mar 2014 NZLII flag 3
Williamson v Department of Corrections [2014] NZHC 98 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 10 Feb 2014 NZLII flag 5
Canada (Attorney General) v Whaling [2014] SCC 20; [2014] 1 SCR 392 circa 2014 3
Ellmers v R [2013] NZCA 676 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 19 Dec 2013 NZLII flag 13
B v R [2013] NZCA 594 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand circa 2013 NZLII flag 1
James v United Kingdom [2012] ECHR 1706; (2013) 56 EHRR 12 European Court of Human Rights Europe 18 Sep 2012 BAILII flag 61
Wilson v New Zealand Parole Board [2012] NZHC 2247 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 3 Sep 2012 NZLII flag 8
B (Ca817/2011) v R [2012] NZCA 260 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 21 Jun 2012 NZLII flag 3
Miller v New Zealand Parole Board [2010] NZCA 600 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 8 Dec 2010 NZLII flag 34
"Lay Perceptions of Child Pornography Offenders" (2010) 52 Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice 173 Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice Canada circa 2010 flag 1
"Risky Business: Predicting Recidivism" (2010) 17 Psychiatry Psychology and Law 88 Psychiatry Psychology and Law Australia circa 2010 HeinOnline flag 6
McDonnell v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2009] NZCA 352; (2009) 8 HRNZ 770 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 13 Aug 2009 NZLII flag 50
Miller v New Zealand Parole Board HC Auckland CIV 2004-485-1460 [2008] NZHC 2043; (2008) 24 CRNZ 104 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 16 Dec 2008 NZLII flag 4
Smither v New Zealand Parole Board [2008] NZHC 389; [2008] NZAR 368 High Court of New Zealand New Zealand 28 Mar 2008 NZLII flag 2
R v Peta [2007] NZCA 28; [2007] 2 NZLR 627; (2007) 22 CRNZ 925 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 28 Feb 2007 NZLII flag 78
R v Hansen [2007] NZSC 7; [2007] 3 NZLR 1; (2007) 23 CRNZ 104; (2007) 8 HRNZ 222 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand circa 2007 NZLII flag 363
Belcher v Chief Executive of the Department of Corrections [2006] NZCA 262; [2007] 1 NZLR 507; (2006) 22 CRNZ 787 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 19 Sep 2006 NZLII flag 65
"Statistical Risk Assessment: Old Problems and New Applications" (2006) 52 Crime and Delinquency 178 Crime and Delinquency circa 2006 2
R v Mist [2005] NZSC 77; [2006] 3 NZLR 145; (2005) 22 CRNZ 192; (2005) 8 HRNZ 10 Supreme Court of New Zealand New Zealand 1 Dec 2005 NZLII flag 52
"Transferring the Principles of Effective Treatment into a "Real World" Prison Setting" (2005) 32 Criminal Justice and Behavior 3 Criminal Justice and Behavior circa 2005 1
R v Mist [2005] 2 NZLR 791; (2005) 21 CRNZ 490 New Zealand circa 2005 LexisNexis flag 70
ZAOUI v The Attorney General [2004] NZCA 228; [2005] 1 NZLR 577 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 17 Sep 2004 NZLII flag 104
Manuel v Superintendent of Hawkes Bay Regional Prison [2004] NZCA 440; [2005] 1 NZLR 161 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 15 Jun 2004 NZLII flag 94
Re Victim X [2003] NZCA 102; [2003] 3 NZLR 220; (2003) 20 CRNZ 194; (2003) 7 HRNZ 224 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 26 May 2003 NZLII flag 85
Rameka v New Zealand (2003) 7 HRNZ 663 New Zealand circa 2003 flag 9
R v C [2003] 1 NZLR 30 New Zealand circa 2003 LexisNexis flag 101
R v Wallace [2001] NZCA 110; (2001) 18 CRNZ 577 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 2 Apr 2001 NZLII flag 6
R v Pora [2000] NZCA 403; [2001] 2 NZLR 37; (2000) 6 HRNZ 129; (2000) 18 CRNZ 270 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 20 Dec 2000 NZLII flag 131
R v Poumako [2000] NZCA 69; [2000] 2 NZLR 695; (2000) 5 HRNZ 652; (2000) 17 CRNZ 530 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 31 May 2000 NZLII flag 69
Pearce v R [1998] HCA 57; (1998) 194 CLR 610; (1998) 156 ALR 684; (1998) 72 ALJR 1416; (1998) 103 A Crim R 372; (1998) 15 Leg Rep C1 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 10 Sep 1998 AustLII flag 2618
R v Leitch [1998] 1 NZLR 420; (1997) 15 CRNZ 321 New Zealand circa 1998 LexisNexis flag 196
Lyall v Solicitor-General [1997] NZCA 73; [1997] 2 NZLR 641; (1997) 15 CRNZ 1 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 17 Jun 1997 NZLII flag 67
R v Bain Ca255/95 [1996] NZCA 505; [1996] 3 NZLR 393; (1996) 3 HRNZ 108 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 22 Jul 1996 NZLII flag 21
R v Mwai [1995] NZCA 306; [1995] 3 NZLR 149; (1995) 13 CRNZ 273 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 16 Aug 1995 NZLII flag 46
R v Liddell [1994] NZCA 417; [1995] 1 NZLR 538; (1994) 12 CRNZ 458 Court of Appeal of New Zealand New Zealand 22 Dec 1994 NZLII flag 389
"Gauging Criminal Harm: A Living-Standard Analysis" (1991) 11 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 1 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies United Kingdom circa 1991 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 11
Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) 1577 UNTS 3 International circa 1989 flag 525
(1986) 477 NZPD 6522 (1986) 477 NZPD 6522 New Zealand circa 1986 flag 2
R v Oakes [1986] CanLII 46 Canada circa 1986 CanLII flag
Dalton v Auckland City [1971] NZLR 548 New Zealand circa 1971 LexisNexis flag 15
Civil and Political Rights (1966) 999 UNTS 171 International circa 1966 flag 1329
Scott v Scott [1913] UKHL 2; [1913] AC 417 House of Lords United Kingdom 5 May 1913 BAILII flag 15
"It is unethical to incarcerate people with disabling mental disorders Is it also unlawful?" (2024) 137 (1588) New Zealand Medical Journal 9 New Zealand Medical Journal New Zealand circa 1588 flag 1
"Mentally ill people in our prisons are suffering human rights violations" (2020) 113 (1511) New Zealand Medical Journal 9 New Zealand Medical Journal New Zealand circa 1511 flag 1

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