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R v Howe; R v Bannister; R v Burke; R v Clarkson     106

Cases Referring to this Case

Case Name †	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
A (Children) (Conjoined Twins: Surgical Separation), Re (conjoined twins/siamese twins case)	[2000] EWCA Civ 254; [2001] Fam 147; [2000] 4 All ER 961; (2000) 57 BMLR 1; [2001] Fam Law 18; [2000] Lloyds Rep Med 425; [2001] UKHRR 1; [2001] 2 WLR 480; [2000] HRLR 721; (2000) 9 BHRC 261	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2000	BAILII		71
AA083752011	[2019] UKAITUR AA083752011		United Kingdom	14 May 2019	BAILII
Abdul-Hussain R v	[1998] EWCA Crim 3527	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	17 Dec 1998	BAILII
Akulue v R	[2013] NZSC 88; [2014] 1 NZLR 17; (2013) 26 CRNZ 417	Supreme Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	19 Sep 2013	NZLII		11
Araibulu v State	[2017] FJCA 120	Court of Appeal of Fiji	Fiji	14 Sep 2017	PacLII		2
Aslan v R	[2015] NSWDC 185	District Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	30 Apr 2015	AustLII		1
Attorney-General v Leason HC Wellington CIV-2010-485-1940	[2011] NZHC 1053	High Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	31 Aug 2011	NZLII
Austin v Southwark London Borough Council	[2010] UKSC 28; [2011] 1 AC 355; [2010] 4 All ER 16; [2010] 3 WLR 144; [2010] All ER (D) 199	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	23 Jun 2010	BAILII		8
Bank Nederland NV) v Export Credits Guarantee Department	[1997] EWCA Civ 2165	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Civil Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	23 Jul 1997	BAILII		1
Battered Defendants: Victims of Domestic Violence Who Offend	[2000] NZLC PP 41		New Zealand	circa 2000	NZLII
Bayley v Police (SA)	[2007] SASC 411; (2007) 99 SASR 413; 178 A Crim R 202; 49 MVR 376	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	23 Nov 2007	AustLII		8
C v DPP	[1995] UKHL 15; (1996) 1 AC 1; [1995] 2 All ER 43; [1995] RTR 261; [1995] Fam Law 400; [1995] Crim LR 801; [1995] 2 WLR 383; [1995] 2 Cr App R 166; (1995) 159 JP 269	House of Lords	United Kingdom	16 Mar 1995	BAILII		73
C29 DPP v Dunne	[2014] IECCA 29	Irish Court of Criminal Appeal	Republic of Ireland	31 Jul 2014	BAILII
Dao v R	[2012] EWCA Crim 1717	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	31 Jul 2012	BAILII		1
Donnelly, Re Application for Judicial Review	[2003] NIQB 10	High Court of Justice in Northern Ireland - Queens Bench	United Kingdom - Northern Ireland	29 Jan 2003	BAILII
Eden District Council v Douglas Braid	[1998] EWHC Admin 528	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	12 May 1998	BAILII
"Appendix 3 - List of Leading Cases of United Kingdom"	[2011] NLUDLRS 8	Editors	India	circa 2011	LIIofIndia
R v G	[2003] EWHC 1507 (Ch); [2004] 1 AC 1034; [2003] 3 All ER 804; [2003] 1 WLR 2360; [2003] All ER (D) 257; [2004] 1 Cr App R 21; (2003) 167 JPN 955; (2003) 167 JP 621	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2003	BAILII		232
Fitzpatrick (A P) v Sterling Housing Association Ltd	[1999] ICHRL 145	Interights Commonwealth Human Rights Law	International	28 Oct 1999	WorldLII
Fitzpatrick v Sterling Housing Association Ltd	[1999] UKHL 42; [1999] 4 All ER 705; [1999] 3 WLR 1113; (1999) 3 CHRLD 89	House of Lords	United Kingdom	28 Oct 1999	BAILII		24
Forrester v Leckey	[2005] NICA 26	Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland	United Kingdom - Northern Ireland	20 May 2005	BAILII
Her Majesty's Advocate Referring for the Opinion of the High Court on Points of Law (Trident) v Angela Zelter and Bodil Ulla Roder and Ellen Moxley	[2001] ScotHC 15	Scottish High Court of Justiciary	United Kingdom - Scotland	30 Mar 2001	BAILII
Hksar v Quintero Bernal Diego-Jhovanny	[2021] HKCFI 2515	Hong Kong Court of First Instance	Hong Kong	15 Mar 2021	HKLII		1
Hksar v Tsang Cheung-Yan	[2021] HKCA 1656; [2022] 1 HKLRD 167	Hong Kong Court of Appeal	Hong Kong	3 Dec 2021	HKLII		1
Hogan & Hogan	[2010] FMCAfam 1255	Federal Magistrates Court of Australia	Australia	9 Sep 2010	AustLII		3
Hutchinson, R v	[2006] NICA 47	Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland	United Kingdom - Northern Ireland	15 Dec 2006	BAILII		1
Hutt, Jeffrey, Hutt and Bell v R	[1989] TASSC 27	Supreme Court of Tasmania	Australia - Tasmania	1 Jun 1989	AustLII		1
John Cochrane v Her Majesty's Advocate	[2001] ScotHC 41	Scottish High Court of Justiciary	United Kingdom - Scotland	13 Jun 2001	BAILII
Likiardopoulos v R	[2012] HCATrans 129	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	31 May 2012	AustLII
Marchesano v Western Australia	[2017] WASCA 177; (2017) 52 WAR 176; 269 A Crim R 169	Supreme Court of Western Australia - Court of Appeal	Australia - Western Australia	29 Sep 2017	AustLII		19
McEwan v R; Robb v R; Dambitis v R	[2013] VSCA 329; (2013) 41 VR 330	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	20 Dec 2013	AustLII		21
Moss v R (Bahamas)	[2023] UKPC 28	Privy Council	United Kingdom	25 Jul 2023	BAILII
New South Wales Bar Association v Moore	[1993] NSWCA 191	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	2 Nov 1993	AustLII
Nicklinson v Ministry of Justice	[2012] EWHC 304 (QB)	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	12 Mar 2012	BAILII		2
Osland v R	[1998] HCA 75; (1998) 197 CLR 316; (1998) 159 ALR 170; (1998) 73 ALJR 173; (1998) 20 Leg Rep C1	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	10 Dec 1998	AustLII		431
Osland v R (cont from 23 April 1998) M14/1998	[1998] HCATrans 125	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	24 Apr 1998	AustLII
Parker (a pseudonym) v R	[2016] VSCA 101	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	10 May 2016	AustLII		8
Phair, R v (Rev2)	[2022] NICA 66	Court of Appeal in Northern Ireland	United Kingdom - Northern Ireland	14 Nov 2022	BAILII		1
Porter v Magill	[2001] UKHL 67; [2002] 1 AC 800; [2002] 1 All ER 465; [2002] 2 WLR 37; [2001] All ER (D) 181; [2002] LGR 51; [2001] HL 63; [2002] UKHRR 97; [2002] HRLR 10; [2002] Fam Law 170; [2002] ACD 41; [2002] 2 Cr App R 1; 11 BHRC 589; (2002) 63 BMLR 1	House of Lords	United Kingdom	29 Nov 2001	BAILII		463
Prosecutor v Drazen Erdemovic - Appeals Chamber - Judgment - en IT-96-22	[1997] ICTY 6	International Criminal Tribunal for Former Yugoslavia	International	7 Oct 1997	WorldLII
R (Anderson) v Secretary of State for the Home Department	[2002] EWCA Crim 747; [2003] 1 AC 837; [2002] 4 All ER 1089; [2002] All ER (D) 359; 13 BHRC 450; [2003] UKHRR 112; [2003] HRLR 7; [2003] 1 Cr App R 32; [2002] 3 WLR 1800	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2002	BAILII		113
R (Nicklinson) v Ministry of Justice	[2014] UKSC 38; [2015] AC 657; [2014] 3 All ER 843; [2014] 3 WLR 200	United Kingdom Supreme Court	United Kingdom	25 Jun 2014	BAILII		76
R v Abdul-Hussain	[1998] EWCA Crim 3528; [1999] Crim LR 570	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	17 Dec 1998	BAILII		23
R v Anna Rowan (a pseudonym)	[2024] HCA 9; (2024) 98 ALJR 508	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	13 Mar 2024	AustLII		3
R v Bowen	[1996] EWCA Crim 1792; [1996] 2 Cr App R 157; [1997] 1 WLR 372	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	5 Mar 1996	BAILII		17
R v Brandford	[2016] EWCA Crim 1794	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	2 Dec 2016	BAILII		1
R v Bryce	[2004] EWCA Crim 1231	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	18 May 2004	BAILII		5
R v Clegg	[1995] UKHL 1; [1995] 1 AC 482; [1995] 1 All ER 334; [1995] Crim LR 418; [1995] 2 WLR 80	House of Lords	United Kingdom	19 Jan 1995	BAILII		41
R v Colohan	[2001] EWCA Crim 1251; [2001] Fam Law 732; [2001] All ER (D) 230	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	17 May 2001	BAILII		9
R v Cox (No 4)	[2005] VSC 255	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	21 Jul 2005	AustLII		5
R v Demirian	[1989] VicRp 10; [1989] VR 97; (1988) 33 A Crim R 441		Australia - Victoria	3 Jun 1988	AustLII		38
R v Fuge	[2001] NSWCCA 208; (2001) 123 A Crim R 310	Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal	Australia - New South Wales	4 Jun 2001	AustLII		89
R v G	[2003] EWHC 1507 (Ch); [2004] 1 AC 1034; [2003] 3 All ER 804; [2003] 1 WLR 2360; [2003] All ER (D) 257; [2004] 1 Cr App R 21; (2003) 167 JPN 955; (2003) 167 JP 621	High Court of England and Wales	United Kingdom - England and Wales	circa 2003	BAILII		232
R v Garland	[1997] QSC 145; (1997) 95 A Crim R 264	Supreme Court of Queensland	Australia - Queensland	26 Aug 1997	AustLII		8
R v Goldman	[2004] VSC 291; (2004) 147 A Crim R 472	Supreme Court of Victoria	Australia - Victoria	18 Mar 2004	AustLII		6
R v Green	[2005] EWCA Crim 2513	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	31 Oct 2005	BAILII
R v Hines	[1997] NZCA 123; [1997] 3 NZLR 529; (1997) 4 HRNZ 352; (1997) 15 CRNZ 158	Court of Appeal of New Zealand	New Zealand	15 Aug 1997	NZLII		47
R v Hutchinson	[2003] NZCA 143; [2004] NZAR 303	Court of Appeal of New Zealand	New Zealand	7 Jul 2003	NZLII		15
R v Japaljarri	[2002] VSCA 154; (2002) 134 A Crim R 261	Supreme Court of Victoria - Court of Appeal	Australia - Victoria	1 Oct 2002	AustLII		12
R v Maygar; ex parte A-G (Qld); R v WT; ex parte A-G (Qld)	[2007] QCA 310	Supreme Court of Queensland - Court of Appeal	Australia - Queensland	28 Sep 2007	AustLII		22
R v Mitchell (No 6)	[2021] SASC 20	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	1 Mar 2021	AustLII
R v Oeta	[2004] SBHC 123	High Court of Solomon Islands	Solomon Islands	3 Jun 2004	PacLII		2
R v Qaumi (No 64)	[2016] NSWSC 1269	Supreme Court of New South Wales	Australia - New South Wales	13 Sep 2016	AustLII
R v Raroa	[1987] NZCA 305; [1987] 2 NZLR 486; (1987) 2 CRNZ 596	Court of Appeal of New Zealand	New Zealand	21 Sep 1987	NZLII		32
R v Rook	[1993] EWCA Crim 3; [1993] 2 All ER 955; [1993] 1 WLR 1005; (1993) 97 Cr App R 327; [1993] Crim LR 698	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	29 Jan 1993	BAILII		24
R v Sowman	[2007] NZCA 309	Court of Appeal of New Zealand	New Zealand	24 Jul 2007	NZLII
R v Taiaroa	[2015] NZHC 2401	High Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	2 Oct 2015	NZLII		2
R v Witika	[1992] NZCA 496; [1993] 2 NZLR 424; (1992) 9 CRNZ 272	Court of Appeal of New Zealand	New Zealand	8 Dec 1992	NZLII		44
R v Z	[2003] EWCA Crim 191; [2003] 1 WLR 1489	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	27 Feb 2003	BAILII		2
R v Z	[2005] UKHL 22; [2005] 2 AC 467; [2005] 4 All ER 685; [2005] 2 WLR 709; [2005] All ER (D) 299; [2005] 2 Cr App R 314	House of Lords	United Kingdom	circa 2005	BAILII		61
A (Children) (Conjoined Twins: Surgical Separation), Re (conjoined twins/siamese twins case)	[2000] EWCA Civ 254; [2001] Fam 147; [2000] 4 All ER 961; (2000) 57 BMLR 1; [2001] Fam Law 18; [2000] Lloyds Rep Med 425; [2001] UKHRR 1; [2001] 2 WLR 480; [2000] HRLR 721; (2000) 9 BHRC 261		United Kingdom	circa 2001	BAILII
Reyes v R	[2002] UKPC 11; [2002] 2 AC 235; [2002] 2 WLR 1034; (2002) 60 WIR 42; 12 BHRC 219; [2002] All ER (D) 149; [2002] 2 Cr App R 16	Privy Council	United Kingdom	11 Mar 2002	BAILII		114
Reyes v R	[2002] UKPC 11; [2002] 2 AC 235; [2002] 2 WLR 1034; (2002) 60 WIR 42; 12 BHRC 219; [2002] All ER (D) 149; [2002] 2 Cr App R 16	Privy Council	United Kingdom	11 Mar 2002	BAILII		114
Rice v McDonald	[2000] TASSC 70; (2000) 113 A Crim R 75	Supreme Court of Tasmania	Australia - Tasmania	21 Jun 2000	AustLII		2
S24 Dunne v DPP	[2016] IESC 24	Supreme Court of Ireland	Republic of Ireland	11 May 2016	BAILII
Salome De La Rosa Diaz & Flavio Osorio Ramirez v R - Criminal Appeal	[1987] BZCA 6		Belize	27 Nov 1987	CommonLII
Sowane v State	[2015] FJCA 135	Court of Appeal of Fiji	Fiji	2 Oct 2015	PacLII
State v Seniloli	[2004] FJHC 44	High Court of Fiji	Fiji	27 Jul 2004	PacLII
Taiapa v R	[2009] HCA 53; (2009) 240 CLR 95; (2009) 261 ALR 488; (2009) 84 ALJR 143; (2009) 214 A Crim R 486	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	16 Dec 2009	AustLII		54
Tapa'atoutai v Police	[2004] TOSC 29	Supreme Court of Tonga	Tonga	9 Jun 2004	PacLII		2
Tofilau v R	[2007] HCA 39; (2007) 231 CLR 396; (2007) 238 ALR 650; (2007) 81 ALJR 1688; (2007) 174 A Crim R 183	High Court of Australia	Australia - Commonwealth	30 Aug 2007	AustLII		171
Van Hemert v R	[2023] NZSC 116; [2023] 1 NZLR 412	Supreme Court of New Zealand	New Zealand	31 Aug 2023	NZLII		17
[1988] Hkca 57 (8 March 1988)	[1988] HKCA 57	Hong Kong Court of Appeal	Hong Kong	8 Mar 1988	HKLII

Law Reform Reports Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title †	Citation(s)	Author	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
- A Draft Criminal Code for Scotland	[2003] SLC 2	Scottish Law Commission	United Kingdom - Scotland	circa 2003	BAILII
A New Homicide Act for England and Wales? ” (Consultation Paper)	[2005] EWLC 177	Law Commission	United Kingdom	20 Dec 2005	BAILII		1
Battered Defendants: Victims of Domestic Violence Who Offend	[2000] NZLC PP 41		New Zealand	circa 2000	NZLII
- Defences in Criminal Law (95-2009) (Report)	[2009] IELRC 95	Irish Law Reform Commission	Republic of Ireland	circa 2009	BAILII
- Duress And Necessity (Consultation Paper) (LRC CP 39-2006)	[2006] IELRC CP39	Irish Law Reform Commission	Republic of Ireland	circa 2006	BAILII
- Mental Element in Homicide (Discussion Paper)	[2021] SLC 172	Scottish Law Commission	United Kingdom - Scotland	circa 2021	BAILII
- Non-Fatal Offences Against the Person, Report on (LRC 45-1994)	[1994] IELRC 1	Irish Law Reform Commission	Republic of Ireland	circa 1994	BAILII
- Receiving Stolen Property, Report on (LRC 23-1987)	[1987] IELRC 3	Irish Law Reform Commission	Republic of Ireland	circa 1987	BAILII

Law Journal Articles Referring to this Case

Journal Article Title †	Citation(s)	Author	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
"Expanding the Defences to Murder: A more fair and logical approach"	(2001) 5 Flinders Journal of Law Reform 129	Arenson	Australia	circa 2001	AustLII		5
"Legal Ethics Is (Just) Normal Ethics: Towards a Coherent System of Legal Ethics"	(2003) 3 Queensland University of Technology Law and Justice Journal 367	Bagaric, Mirko; Dimopoulos, Penny	Australia - Queensland	circa 2003	AustLII
Duress as a Criminal Defence in Solomon Islands	(2007) 11 (2) Journal of South Pacific Law 194	Journal of South Pacific Law		circa 2007	PacLII
"The Osland 'Wrong Turn' And The Problems That Fictions Produce"	(2019) 42 University of New South Wales Law Journal 500	Dyer, Andrew	Australia	circa 2019	AustLII
"Appendix 3 - List of Leading Cases of United Kingdom"	[2011] NLUDLRS 8	Editors	India	circa 2011	LIIofIndia
"In Search of a Model Code Provision For Complicity and Common Purpose in Australia"	(2011) 30 University of Tasmania Law Review 53	Hemming, Andrew	Australia - Tasmania	circa 2011	AustLII
"The Time Has Come to Tighten the Reach of Honest Claim of Right in Australian Criminal Codes"	(2008-2009) 11 Newcastle Law Review 167	Hemming, Andrew	Australia	circa 2009	AustLII		2
"Can You Feel the Law Tonight - Family Law in Action"	(2003) 10 Otago Law Review 289	Henaghan, Mark	New Zealand	circa 2003	NZLII
"Re Civilian Casualty Court Martial: Prosecuting Breaches of International Humanitarian Law Using the Australian Military Justice System"	(2013) 37 Melbourne University Law Review 342	Kelly, Joshua	Australia	circa 2013	AustLII		1
"Law, human life and ethical dilemmas"	(2000) 12 (2) Bond Law Review 129	Kirby, Michael	Australia	circa 2000	AustLII
"In Defence of Judicial Dissent"	(2016) 37 Adelaide Law Review 431	McIntyre, Joe	Australia	circa 2016	AustLII
"	[2005] NZYbkIntLaw 17	Myers, B	New Zealand	circa 2005	NZLII
"The Right to Kill or the Obligation to Die: The Status of the Defence of Duress Following New Zealand s Implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court"	(2005) 2 New Zealand Yearbook of International Law 127	Myers, B	New Zealand	circa 2005	NZLII		1
"Abortion Law in New South Wales: The Problem with Necessity"	(2018) 44 Monash University Law Review 32	Rankin, Mark J	Australia	circa 2018	AustLII
"Defending 'Terrorism': Justifications and Excuses for Terrorism in International Criminal Law"	(2006) 25 Australian Year Book of International Law 177	Saul, Ben	Australia	circa 2006	AustLII
"Smugglers and Samaritans: Defences to People Smuggling in Australia"	(2013) 36 University of New South Wales Law Journal 954	Schloenhardt, Andreas; Davies, Connor	Australia	circa 2013	AustLII		1
"Mistakenly Obeying Unlawful Superior Orders"	(1993) 5 Bond Law Review 1	Yeo, Stanley	Australia	circa 1993	AustLII

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name †	Citation(s)	Court	Jurisdiction	Date	Full Text		Citation Index
[1935] AC 462	[1935] AC 462		United Kingdom	circa 1935	LexisNexis / Westlaw		751
[1966] 1 WLR 1234	[1966] 1 WLR 1234		United Kingdom	circa 1966	LexisNexis / Westlaw		119
[1975] AC 633	[1975] AC 633		United Kingdom	circa 1975	LexisNexis / Westlaw		1
Abbott v R	[1977] AC 755; [1976] 3 All ER 140; 63 Cr App R 241		United Kingdom	circa 1977	LexisNexis / Westlaw		25
Anderton v Ryan	[1985] UKHL 5; [1985] AC 560; [1985] 1 All ER 138; [1984] Crim LR 483; (1984) 80 Cr App R 235; [1985] 2 WLR 23	House of Lords	United Kingdom	9 May 1985	BAILII		12
DPP for Northern Ireland v Lynch	[1975] UKHL 5; [1975] AC 653; [1975] 1 All ER 913; (1975) 61 Cr App R 6; [1975] 2 WLR 641	House of Lords	United Kingdom	12 Mar 1975	BAILII		147
Hyam v DPP	[1974] UKHL 2; [1975] AC 55; [1974] WLR 607	House of Lords	United Kingdom	21 Mar 1974	BAILII		88
Myers v DPP	[1965] AC 1001; [1964] 2 All ER 881; 1964 3 WLR 145		United Kingdom	circa 1965	LexisNexis / Westlaw		151
R v Bourne	(1952) 36 Cr App R 125		United Kingdom	circa 1952	LexisNexis		26
R v Brown & Morley	[1968] SASR 467	Supreme Court of South Australia	Australia - South Australia	circa 1968	Legal Online / Westlaw		25
R v Cogan	[1975] EWCA Crim 2; [1976] QB 217; [1975] 2 All ER 1059; 61 Cr App R 217; [1975] 3 WLR 316; 139 JP 608	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	9 Jun 1975	BAILII		28
R v Dudley and Stephens	(1884) 14 QBD 273	Queen's Bench	United Kingdom	circa 1884	LexisNexis / Westlaw		108
R v Fitzpatrick	[1977] NI 20		United Kingdom - Northern Ireland	circa 1977	LexisNexis		16
R v Graham	[1981] EWCA Crim 5; [1982] 1 All ER 801; [1982] 1 WLR 294; (1981) 74 Cr App R 235	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	18 Dec 1981	BAILII		32
R v Howe; R v Bannister; R v Burke; R v Clarkson	[1986] QB 626; [1986] 1 All ER 833; [1986] 2 WLR 294		United Kingdom	circa 1986	LexisNexis / Westlaw		7
R v Hudson	[1971] EWCA Crim 2; [1971] 2 QB 202; [1971] 2 All ER 244; (1971) 56 Cr App R 1; [1971] 2 WLR 1047; 135 JP 403	England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division	United Kingdom - England and Wales	17 Mar 1971	BAILII		45
R v Kray (Ronald)	(1969) 53 Cr App R 569		United Kingdom	circa 1969	LexisNexis		19
R v Richards	[1974] QB 776; [1974] 3 All ER 696		United Kingdom	circa 1974	LexisNexis / Westlaw		12
R v Tyler and Price	[1839] EngR 270; (1838) 8 C & P 616; 173 ER 643		United Kingdom	circa 1838	CommonLII		19