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Fighting Words: A Review of Sedition Laws in Australia   flag 

[2006] ALRC 104
Australian Law Reform Commission
Australia

Legislation Cited

Legislation Name Provision
Constitution
Discrimination Act 1991 (ACT)
Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT) s16, s65, s67
Law Reform (Abolitions and (ACT) s4
Anti-Terrorism Bill 2005 (Cth)
Anti-Terrorism Bill (No 2) 2005 (Cth)
Racial Discrimination Amendment Bill (Cth)
Racial Hatred Bill 1994 (Cth)
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Act 2005 (Cth) s198
Australian Broadcasting Corporation (Cth)
Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cth) s9
Acts Interpretation Act 1901 (Cth) s13, s15A, s15AA, s15AB
Australian Law Reform Commission Act 1996 (Cth) s20, s23, s38
Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) s4B, s6, s30J, s30K
Customs Act 1901 (Cth)
Copyright Act 1968 (Cth)
Fixed Platforms) Act 1992 (Cth)
Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 (Cth) s327
Defence Act (Cth)
Disability Discrimination Act 1992 (Cth)
Defence Force Discipline Act 1982 (Cth) s26
Director of Public Prosecutions Act 1983 (Cth) s8, s9
Extradition Act 1988 (Cth)
Freedom of Information Act (Cth)
Privacy Act 1988 (Cth) s6, s7B
Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) s9, s18C, s18D
Referendum (Machinery Provisions) Act 1984 (Cth) s120
Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth)
Anti-Terrorism Act (No 2) 2005 (Cth)
Crimes Act 1926 (Cth)
Crimes Act (Cth)
Crimes (Foreign Incursions and Recruitment) Act 1978 (Cth) s5, s6, s7, s8, s9, s10
Communist Party Dissolution Act (Cth)
Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Act (Cth)
Intelligence and Security (Consequential Amendments) Act 1986 (Cth) s11, s14
Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Act 2002 (Cth) s4
Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth)
War Precautions Act (Cth)
Workplace Relations Amendment (Cth) s65A
Workplace Relations Act 1996 (Cth) s222, s499, s802, s821
Anti-Discrimination Act 1977 (NSW) s20C
Crimes Act 1900 (NSW) s16, s24, s30
Application Act 1969 (NSW) s35
Vilification) Amendment Act 1989 (NSW)
Defamation Act 1958 (NSW)
Freedom of Information Act 1989 (NSW)
Anti-Discrimination Act 1992 (NT)
Information Act 2002 (NT)
Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (Qld) s124A
Defamation Act 1889 (Qld)
Information Act 1992 (Qld)
Vagrants, Gaming and Other Offences Act 1931 (Qld)
Consolidation Act 1935 (SA)
Racial Vilification Act (SA)
Anti-Discrimination Act 1998 (Tas) s19, s21
Defamation Act 1957 (Tas)
of Human Rights and Responsibilities Bill 2006 (Vic)
Crimes Act 1958 (Vic) s316
Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic) s15
Defamation Act 2005 (Vic)
Racial and Religious Tolerance Act 2001 (Vic) s8, s11, s31
Equal Opportunity Act 1984 (Vic)
Equal Opportunity (Vic)
Freedom of Information Act 1992 (WA)
Human Rights Act 1998

Cases and Articles Cited

Case Name Citation(s) †  Court Jurisdiction Date Full Text Citation Index
[2006] Public Law 180 [2006] Public Law 180 Public Law United Kingdom circa 2006 Westlaw flag 1
Lodhi v R [2006] NSWCCA 121 Supreme Court of New South Wales - Court of Criminal Appeal Australia - New South Wales circa 2006 AustLII flag 57
Promise of Law Reform [2006] Ch 11 Court of Chancery United Kingdom circa 2006 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 1
Promise of Law Reform [2006] Ch 10 Court of Chancery United Kingdom circa 2006 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 1
"Threats to Freedom of Speech in the United Kingdom?" (2005) 28 University of New South Wales Law Journal 895 University of New South Wales Law Journal Australia circa 2005 AustLII flag 2
"Speaking of Terror: Criminalising Incitement to Violence" (2005) 28 University of New South Wales Law Journal 868 University of New South Wales Law Journal Australia circa 2005 AustLII flag 5
Islamic Council of Victoria v Catch the Fire Ministries Inc [2005] EOC 93 Australia circa 2005 flag 2
[2005] Ch 15 [2005] Ch 15 Court of Chancery United Kingdom circa 2005 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 1
"Method and Objectivity in Free Speech Adjudication: Lessons from America" (2005) 54 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49 International and Comparative Law Quarterly United Kingdom circa 2005 HeinOnline / Westlaw flag 1
"Inciting Hatred or Merely Engaging in Religious Debate: The Need for Religious Vilification Laws" (2005) 30 Alternative Law Journal 121 Alternative Law Journal Australia circa 2005 HeinOnline / Informit flag 1
"Terrorist Speech and the Future of Free Expression" (2005) 27 Cardozo Law Review 233 Cardozo Law Review United States circa 2005 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
"Ambiguity of Sedition: The Trials of William Fardon Burns, The" (2005) 9 Australian Journal of Legal History 227 Australian Journal of Legal History Australia circa 2005 HeinOnline flag 6
Coleman v Power [2004] HCA 39; (2004) 220 CLR 1; (2004) 209 ALR 182; (2004) 78 ALJR 1166 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 1 Sep 2004 AustLII flag 533
Bropho v Human Rights & Equal Opportunity Commission [2004] FCAFC 16; (2004) 135 FCR 105; (2004) 204 ALR 761; (2004) 77 ALD 331; [2004] EOC 93-313 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 6 Feb 2004 AustLII flag 167
"So Far So Good?: A Critical Evaluation of Racial Vilification Laws in Australia" (2004) 32 Federal Law Review 226 Federal Law Review Australia circa 2004 HeinOnline / Informit flag 1
"Legislating Rights: Basic Law Article 23, National Security And Human Rights In Hong Kong" (2004) 17 Columbia Journal of Asian Law 307 Columbia Journal of Asian Law United States circa 2004 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
"International Human Rights on Trial - The United Kingdom's and Australia's Legal Response to 9/11" (2003) 25 Sydney Law Review 275 Sydney Law Review Australia circa 2003 AustLII flag 7
Nemer v Holloway [2003] SASC 372; (2003) 87 SASR 147; 143 A Crim R 29 Supreme Court of South Australia Australia - South Australia 7 Nov 2003 AustLII flag 19
"Law, War and Liberty: The World War II Subversion Prosecutions" (2003) 27 Melbourne University Law Review 65 Melbourne University Law Review Australia circa 2003 AustLII flag 3
Purvis v New South Wales [2003] HCA 62; (2003) 217 CLR 92; (2003) 202 ALR 133; (2003) 78 ALJR 1; (2003) 77 ALD 570; [2004] EOC 93-305 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 11 Nov 2003 AustLII flag 704
Plaintiff S157/2002 v Commonwealth [2003] HCA 2; (2003) 211 CLR 476; (2003) 195 ALR 24; (2003) 77 ALJR 454; (2003) 24 Leg Rep 2 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 4 Feb 2003 AustLII flag 4571
Toben v Jones [2003] FCAFC 137; (2003) 129 FCR 515; (2003) 199 ALR 1; (2003) 74 ALD 321; [2003] EOC 93-284 Federal Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 27 Jun 2003 AustLII flag 84
"Saving Australia from Sedition: Customs, the Attorney-General's Department and the Administration of Peacetime Political Censorship" (2002) 30 Federal Law Review 135 Federal Law Review Australia circa 2002 AustLII flag 3
"Engaging the public: community participation in the genetic information inquiry" (2002) 80 Reform 53 Reform Australia circa 2002 AustLII flag 9
"Recognising Universal Rights in Australia" (2001) 24 University of New South Wales Law Journal 771 University of New South Wales Law Journal Australia circa 2001 AustLII flag 2
Percy v DPP [2001] EWHC Admin 1125; [2002] Crim LR 835 High Court of England and Wales United Kingdom - England and Wales 21 Dec 2001 BAILII flag 10
"Keeping the Revolution at Bay: The Unlawful Associations Provisions of the Commonwealth Crimes Act" (2001) 22 Adelaide Law Review 259 Adelaide Law Review Australia circa 2001 AustLII flag 8
"Conditioning The President'S Conditional Pardon Power" (2001) 89 California Law Review 1665 California Law Review United States circa 2001 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
United States v Rahman 189 F3d 88 United States Court of Appeals, Second Circuit United States 16 Aug 1999 WorldLII flag 31
"Hate Speech, Holocaust Denial and International Human Rights Law" (1999) 6 European Human Rights Law Review 593 European Human Rights Law Review United Kingdom circa 1999 Westlaw flag 2
R v Rae (1998) 45 NSWLR 546; 104 A Crim R 348 Australia - New South Wales circa 1998 LexisNexis AU flag 9
"Terroristic Religious Speech: Giving the Devil the Benefit of the First Amendment Free Exercise and Free Speech Clauses" (1998) 28 Seton Hall Law Review 1230 Seton Hall Law Review United States circa 1998 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
Lange v Australian Broadcasting Corporation [1997] HCA 25; (1997) 189 CLR 520; (1997) 8 FLR 216; (1997) 145 ALR 96; (1997) 71 ALJR 818; [1997] Aust Torts Reports 81-434; 2 BHRC 513; (1997) 2 CHRLD 231; (1997) 10 Leg Rep 2 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 8 Jul 1997 AustLII flag 1221
"The Farmbelt Fuehrer: Consequences of Transnational Communication of Political and Racist Speech" (1997) 76 Nebraska Law Review 653 Nebraska Law Review United States circa 1997 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
Langer v Commonwealth (Political Speech case) [1996] HCA 43; (1996) 186 CLR 302; (1996) 134 ALR 400; 70 ALJR 176; [1996] 2 Leg Rep 13 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 Feb 1996 AustLII flag 123
Victoria v Commonwealth (1996) 187 CLR 416 Australia - Commonwealth circa 1996 Legal Online / Westlaw flag 411
Vogt v Germany [1995] ECHR 29; (1996) 21 EHRR 205 European Court of Human Rights Europe 26 Sep 1995 BAILII flag 28
[1994] Supreme Court Review 209 [1994] Supreme Court Review 209 Supreme Court Review United States circa 1994 flag 1
Theophanous v Herald & Weekly Times Ltd [1994] HCA 46; (1994) 182 CLR 104; (1994) 124 ALR 1; (1994) 68 ALJR 713; [1994] Aust Torts Reports 81-297; 34 ALD 1 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 12 Oct 1994 AustLII flag 667
Stephens v West Australian Newspapers Ltd [1994] HCA 45; (1994) 182 CLR 211; 124 ALR 80; 68 ALJR 765; [1994] Aust Torts Reports 81-298 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 12 Oct 1994 AustLII flag 330
Horta v Commonwealth [1994] HCA 32; (1994) 181 CLR 183; 123 ALR 1; 68 ALJR 620 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 18 Aug 1994 AustLII flag 131
Jersild v Denmark [1994] ECHR 33; (1995) 19 EHRR 1 European Court of Human Rights Europe 23 Sep 1994 BAILII flag 48
"Dissent, Disloyalty and Disaffection: Australia's Last Cold War Sedition Case" (1994) 16 Adelaide Law Review 1 Adelaide Law Review Australia circa 1994 AustLII flag 7
Vereinigung Democratischer Soldaten Osterreichs and Gubi v Austria (1994) 20 EHRR 56 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 1994 flag 5
Black v R [1993] HCA 71; (1993) 179 CLR 44; (1993) 118 ALR 209; 68 ALJR 91; 69 A Crim R 248 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 22 Dec 1993 AustLII flag 234
Cheatle v R [1993] HCA 44; (1993) 177 CLR 541; (1993) 116 ALR 1; 66 A Crim R 484; 67 ALJR 760 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 26 Aug 1993 AustLII flag 222
Piermont v France (1993) 15 EHRR 76 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 1993 flag 1
"Use and Abuse of Sedition, The" (1992) 14 Sydney Law Review 287 Sydney Law Review Australia circa 1992 AustLII flag 12
Chu Kheng Lim v Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs [1992] HCA 64; (1992) 176 CLR 1; (1993) 110 ALR 97; 67 ALJR 125 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 1992 AustLII flag 1060
Dietrich v R [1992] HCA 57; (1992) 177 CLR 292; (1992) 109 ALR 385; (1992) 67 ALJR 1; 64 A Crim R 176 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 13 Nov 1992 AustLII flag 1606
Nationwide News Pty Ltd v Wills [1992] HCA 46; (1992) 177 CLR 1; (1992) 108 ALR 681; (1992) 66 ALJR 658; (1992) 44 IR 282 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 30 Sep 1992 AustLII flag 933
Australian Capital Television Pty Ltd v Commonwealth [1992] HCA 45; (1992) 177 CLR 106; 108 ALR 577; (1992) 66 ALJR 695 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 1992 AustLII flag 1156
Chew v R [1992] HCA 18; (1992) 173 CLR 626; (1992) 107 ALR 171; (1992) 10 ACLC 816; 7 ACSR 481; 66 ALJR 383; 60 A Crim R 82 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 3 Jun 1992 AustLII flag 173
Mabo v Queensland (No 2) [1992] EOC 92-443; (1992) 66 ALJR 408; (1992) 107 ALR 1; (1992) 175 CLR 1; [1992] HCA 23 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 1992 AustLII flag 2268
Open Door Counselling and Dublin Well Woman v Ireland [1992] ECHR 68; (1993) 15 EHRR 244 European Court of Human Rights Europe 29 Oct 1992 BAILII flag 22
R v Ancuta [1991] 2 Qd R 413; (1990) 49 A Crim R 307 Australia - Queensland circa 1991 LexisNexis AU flag 19
R v Chief Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate; Ex parte Choudhury (Satanic Verses case) [1991] 1 QB 429; [1991] 1 All ER 306; [1990] 3 WLR 986 United Kingdom circa 1990 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 16
"From Seditious Libel to Unlawful Assembly: Peterloo and the Changing Face of Political Crime c1770-1820" (1990) 10 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 307 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies United Kingdom circa 1990 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
"Seditious Libel v Incitement to Mutiny: Britain Teaches Hand and Holmes a Lesson" (1990) 10 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 106 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies United Kingdom circa 1990 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
Union Steamship Co of Australia Pty Ltd v King [1988] HCA 55; (1988) 166 CLR 1; (1988) 82 ALR 43; (1988) 62 ALJR 645 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 26 Oct 1988 AustLII flag 314
Lingens v Austria [1986] ECHR 7; (1986) 8 EHRR 407 European Court of Human Rights Europe 8 Jul 1986 BAILII flag 63
Giorgianni v R [1985] HCA 29; (1985) 156 CLR 473; (1985) 58 ALR 641; (1985) 59 ALJR 461; (1985) 16 A Crim R 163; (1985) 2 MVR 97; (1985) 4 IPR 97 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 18 Apr 1985 AustLII flag 646
"The Development of the Law of Seditious Libel and the Control of the Press" (1985) 37 Stanford Law Review 661 Stanford Law Review United States circa 1985 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 3
Alister v R [1984] HCA 85; (1984) 154 CLR 404; (1983) 50 ALR 41; (1984) 58 ALJR 97 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 13 Feb 1984 AustLII flag 772
Viskauskas v Niland [1983] HCA 15; (1982) 153 CLR 280; (1983) 47 ALR 32; (1983) 57 ALJR 414 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 18 May 1983 AustLII flag 88
Arrowsmith v United Kingdom (1981) 3 EHRR 218 European Court of Human Rights Europe circa 1981 flag 24
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights [1980] ATS 23 Australia circa 1980 AustLII flag 69
Sunday Times v United Kingdom [1979] ECHR 1; (1979-80) 2 EHRR 245; (1979) 58 ILR 491 European Court of Human Rights Europe 26 Apr 1979 BAILII flag 339
Malone v Metropolitan Police Commissioner [1979] Ch 344; [1979] 2 All ER 620; [1979] 2 WLR 700 Court of Chancery United Kingdom circa 1979 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 134
"Sedition Through the Ages: A Note on Legal Terminology" (1979) 37 University of Toronto Faculty of Law Review 266 University of Toronto Faculty of Law Review Canada circa 1979 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 2
"Sedition–is the star chamber dead?" (1979) 3 Criminal Law Journal 89 Criminal Law Journal Australia circa 1979 Legal Online flag 5
Ireland v United Kingdom [1978] ECHR 1; (1978) 2 EHRR 25 European Court of Human Rights Europe 18 Jan 1978 BAILII flag 171
"Law Reform and the Law of Treason and Sedition" [1977] Public Law 128 Public Law United Kingdom circa 1977 Westlaw flag 1
"Liberal Law in a Repressive Age: Communism and the Law 1920-1950" (1976-1977) 3 Monash University Law Review 101 Monash University Law Review Australia circa 1977 AustLII flag 2
Handyside v United Kingdom [1976] ECHR 5; (1976) 1 EHRR 737; 58 ILR 150 European Court of Human Rights Europe 7 Dec 1976 BAILII flag 166
Attorney-General ’ s Reference (No 1 of 1975) [1975] EWCA Crim 1; [1975] QB 773; [1975] 2 All ER 684; [1975] RTR 473; [1975] 3 WLR 11; 61 Cr App R 118; 139 JP 569 England and Wales Court of Appeal - Criminal Division United Kingdom - England and Wales 25 Apr 1975 BAILII flag 59
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination [1975] ATS 40 Australia circa 1975 AustLII flag 15
Cohen v California 403 US 15; 29 L Ed 2d 284; 91 SCt 1780 United States Supreme Court United States 7 Jun 1971 WorldLII flag 293
Brandenburg v Ohio 395 US 444; 89 SCt 1827; 23 L Ed 2; 23 L Ed 2d 430 United States Supreme Court United States 9 Jun 1969 WorldLII flag 288
W E B DuBois Clubs of America v Clark 389 US 309; 19 L Ed 2d 546; 88 SCt 450 United States Supreme Court United States 22 Jan 1968 WorldLII flag 29
Keyishian v Board of Regents 385 US 589; 17 L Ed 2d 629; 87 SCt 675 United States Supreme Court United States 23 Jan 1967 WorldLII flag 374
Australian Consolidated Press Ltd v Uren [1966] HCA 37; (1966) 117 CLR 185; [1967] ALR 54; 40 ALJR 142 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 1966 AustLII flag 115
Cooper v R [1961] HCA 16; (1961) 105 CLR 177; [1961] ALR 725; 35 ALJR 32 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 13 Apr 1961 AustLII flag 27
"Historical Concept of Treason: English and American" (1960) 35 Indiana Law Journal 70 Indiana Law Journal United States circa 1960 HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 1
R v Bainbridge [1960] 1 QB 129 United Kingdom circa 1960 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 34
Yates v United States 354 US 298; 1 L Ed 2d 1356; 77 SCt 1064; 1 L Ed 1356 United States Supreme Court United States 17 Jun 1957 WorldLII flag 346
Australian Communist Party v Commonwealth [1951] HCA 5; (1951) 83 CLR 1; [1951] ALR 129 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 9 Mar 1951 AustLII flag 659
Boucher v R [1951] 2 DLR 369 circa 1951 10
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (1950) 213 UNTS 222 International circa 1950 flag 140
R v Sharkey [1949] HCA 46; (1949) 79 CLR 121; [1949] ALR 828 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 7 Oct 1949 AustLII flag 99
Burns v Ransley [1949] HCA 45; (1949) 79 CLR 101; [1949] ALR 817 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 7 Oct 1949 AustLII flag 62
Joyce v DPP [1946] AC 347; [1946] 1 All ER 186 United Kingdom circa 1946 LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 99
Polites v Commonwealth [1945] HCA 3; (1945) 70 CLR 60; [1945] ALR 113; 12 ILR 208 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 10 Apr 1945 AustLII flag 208
Charter of the United Nations, as amended [1945] ATS 1 Australia circa 1945 AustLII flag 6
Report) Schneiderman v US (1942) (1942) 320 US 156 United States Supreme Court United States circa 1942 Westlaw flag 2
James v The Commonwealth [1936] HCA 32; (1936) 55 CLR 1; [1936] ALR 333 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth circa 1936 AustLII flag 84
R v Hush; Ex parte Devanny [1932] HCA 64; (1932) 48 CLR 487 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 8 Dec 1932 AustLII flag 114
Pankhurst v Kiernan [1917] HCA 63; (1917) 24 CLR 120; 24 ALR 154 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 20 Nov 1917 AustLII flag 12
R v Kidman [1915] HCA 58; (1915) 20 CLR 425; 21 ALR 405 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 16 Sep 1915 AustLII flag 162
R v Aldred (1909) 22 Cox CC 1 United Kingdom circa 1909 flag 11
Clough v Leahy [1904] HCA 38; (1904) 2 CLR 139; 11 ALR 32 High Court of Australia Australia - Commonwealth 5 Dec 1904 AustLII flag 140
R v Burns (1886) 16 Cox CC 355 United Kingdom circa 1886 flag 9
R v Most [1881] UKLawRpKQB 102; (1881) 7 QBD 244 United Kingdom 18 Jun 1881 CommonLII flag 18
R v Sullivan (1868) 11 Cox CC 44 United Kingdom circa 1868 flag 12
Daniel O'Connell, John O'Connell, Thomas Matthew Ray, Thomas Steele, Charles Gavan Duffy, John Gray, and Richard Barrett,-Plaintiffs in Error; Her Majesty R,-Defendant in Error [1844] EngR 880; 11 Cl & F 155; 8 ER 1061; (1844) 8 ILR 261 House of Lords United Kingdom circa 1844 CommonLII flag 55
Case De Libellis Famosis, or of Scandalous Libels [1572] EngR 388; 5 Co Rep 125; 77 ER 250 King's Bench United Kingdom circa 1572 CommonLII flag 19
United States v Rahman 854 FSupp 254 United States Westlaw flag 2
Dennis v United States 341 US 494 United States Supreme Court United States Westlaw flag 424
United States v Khan 309 FSupp 2d 789 United States Westlaw flag 2
102 NSWLRC 112 102 NSWLRC 112 New South Wales Law Reform Commission Australia - New South Wales AustLII flag 29
"Human Rights Implications Of National Security Laws In India: Combating Terrorism While Preserving Civil Liberties" 33 Denver Journal of International Law and Policy 195 Denver Journal of International Law and Policy United States HeinOnline / LexisNexis flag 4
30 Ch 7 30 Ch 7 Court of Chancery United Kingdom LexisNexis / Westlaw flag 1
18 USC 2382 18 USC 2382 United States Code United States LII (Cornell) flag 2
18 USC 2339a 18 USC 2339A United States Code United States LII (Cornell) flag 1

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